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What stages are followed in designing a course?, images (2), in a random…

- - - - Functional
        
        principlesequenced by
        
        chronology or usefulness of
        each function
        
        such
        
        Reporting
        
        Correcting
        
        Identifying
        
        Describing
      - Notional
        
        sequenced by chronology
        
        such
        
        Duration,
        Quantity, Location
      - Topical
        
        principle-sequenced by the
        likelihood
        
        students will encounter them
        
        such
        
        Health
        
        Food
        
        Clothing
      - Skills
        
        such
        
        listening
        
        for main ideas
        
        for inferences
        
        for gist
      - Situational
        
        such
        
        At supermarket
        
        At bank
        
        At restaurant
      - Task
        
        such
        
        drawing maps
        
        following directions
        
        and so forth
        
        following instruction
      - Structural
        
        Grammatical and phonological
        
        sequenced from easy to difficult
        
        frequent to less
  - - - Organice
        
        What should be
        taught first, second, third, and so on.
      - Plan
- - - - Dubin and Olshtain present five types
        
        3.The Cyclical Format
        
        principle which
        
        work with the same topic more than once,
        
        The story-line format
        
        is basically a narrative.
        
        could be used in conjunction
        
        The linear format
        
        discrete element
        
        grammar or
        structures
        
        sequencing and grading are important.
        
        Teachers
        cannot change the order of units or skip some.
        
        The Modular Format
        
        ntegrate thematic or situational
        contents.
        
        The Matrix Format
        
        select topics from a table of
        contents
        
        matrix is well suited to situational content.
- - - - types of test
        
        norm-referenced
        
        compare
        
        performance of students to each other
        
        criterion-referenced
        
        meseaure
        
        course material student has learned.