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Approaches and methods in language teaching - Coggle Diagram
Approaches and methods in language teaching
Jack C. Richards and Theodore S. Rodgers
Chapter 1
A brief history of early development in language teaching
The reform movement
Discipline of linguistics was revitalized
Phonetics
científicos analysis and description of the sound systems of language
International Phonetic Association was founded
study of the spoken language
good pronunciation habits
use conversation texts and dialogues
The direct method
Foreign language could be taught
directly through demonstration and action
Students be able to induce rules of grammar
teach new vocabulary
using:
Demostration
Mime
Picture
Principles and procedures
instruction vas conducted
exclusively in the target language
oral communication skills were built
in carfuly graded progression organized
correct pronunciation and grammar
were emphasized
Language teaching innovation in the nineteenth centry
C. Marcel (1793 - 1896)
Reading be taught before other skills
T. Prendergast (1806 - 1886)
Children use contextual situational to interpret
use memorized phrase and routines
F. Gouin (1831 - 1896)
used situations and themes as way
of organizing and presenting oral language
The method era
Approach or method refer
set of teaching procedures
that define good practice
1950 - 1960
emergence
Comunicative approach
situational method
Silent way
The natural approach
Total physical response
The grammar translation method
detailed analysis of grammar rules
memorizing rules
manipulate of the foreign language
The morphology
The syntax
Reading and writing are the major focus
Vocabulary selection is based oh reading text used
sentences are the basic unit of language practice
Grammar is taught deductively
Approaches and methods in teacher preparation programs
provide a view of how the field of language
Introduce teacher to the issues and options
introduces a variety of principles and procedures
The emergence of methods
Method in teaching is
the notion of a systematic set of teaching practices
based on a particular theory
Chapter
text
2
The nature of approaches and methods in language teaching text
Approach and method
subdivisions
are three
Design
level of method analysis in which consider:
type of learning task
roles of learners
language content is selected
roles of teachers
The objectives
role of instructional materials
objectives
a method sets out to achieve
especificaron of particular learning outcomes
determine what learning outcomes
The syllabus
refer to the form in which linguistic material is specified in a course or method
Make decisions about:
What to talk about
how to talk about
typpe of learning and teaching activities
directed interaction of teachers, learners and material in the classroom
differences the level manifest in the choice of different kinds of learning and teaching activities in the classroom
attained through the instructional process
Learner roles
Multiple intelligences
The people learn in different ways
were assigned mucho more power and autonomy
Teachers role
Teacher as a source of knowledge and direction
role of instructional materials
specified respect to objectives, content, learning activities and roles
concerning:
form of materials
relation of materials to other sources
goal of materials
abilities of teachers
Procedures
Last level of conceptualization and organization
There are three dimensions
the way in teaching activities are use for practicing language
the procedures and techniques used to giving feedback
the use of teaching activities
focuses on the way a method handles the presentation practice, and feedback phases of teaching
1 Approach
theories about the nature of language and language learning
serve a source of practices and principles
Theory of language
1 more item...
Theory or learning
1 more item...
Factors responsible for the rise and fall of methods
Paradigm shifts
Language teaching is subject to the influence
of changes in the theories found in the supporting
Support networks
Promoting or explaining a new teaching approach or method are also crucial
Practicality
A method that is simple to understand requiere little time to master
Teacher's language profiency
Language teacher are not native
nonethless
1 more item...
compatibility with local traditions
styles of teaching and learning
difiere significantly in different parts of the world
2 more items...
Method
overall plan for the orderly presentation of language material
Approach
set of correlative assumptions dealing with the nature language teaching
Technique is implementional
particular trick, stratagem or contrivance
used to accomplish and immediate objective
A checklist for the adoption of an approach or method
widely accepted
depends on the relative ease or difficulty of introduction
Questions
Has it been tested out in some schools and classrooms before teachers are expected to use it?
Who recommends it? Is it supported by the recommendations of authorities and experts?
How compatible is it with teachers' existing beliefs and attitudes and with the organization?
What advantages does the new approach or method offer?