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THE FRENCH REVOLUTION: LIBERTY, EQUALITY, FRATERNITY, image, image, image,…
THE FRENCH REVOLUTION: LIBERTY, EQUALITY, FRATERNITY
DIFFICULT TIMES FOR THE MONARCHY
reign of Louis XVI
France
absolute monarchy
population segments
criticise the situation
change of regime
1789
triggered the revolution
FACTORS
The liberal ideas of the Enlightenment.
popular in large segments
people called
powers separation
equality before law
The example of the United States
Inequality before the law
noblemen and clerics
didn't pay taxes
bourgeoisie and the peasantry
paid taxes
Economic crisis
Royal Treasury
pay debts
France lost
Canada
possessions of India
Africa
Political unrest
criticising the Old Regime
monarchy criticised
25,000 books of grievances
Social inequalities.
farming production
no demand for food
PHASES OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION
THE ESTATES-GENERAL
1789-1804
King Louis XVI
consultative Parliament
Estates-General
representation based
class
Estates-General decided
rich pay taxes
nobility and clergy rejected
National Assembly
swore not to leave
until France had a Constitution
NATIONAL CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY (1789–1791)
social situation got worse
raided nobles’ homes
attacked Bastille's prison
prisoners could escape
king couldn't
dissolve the Assembly
Louis XVI
discovered and detained
contacted absolute monarchies
conspire against the new regime
advantage
alarm in European courts
LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY (1791–1792)
3 new political tendencies
The Plain
deputies in the majority
not belong to any party
The Girondins
parliamentary monarchy
supporters
moderates
federalists
The Jacobins
Republic
supporters
centralists
radical liberals
1792
Austria and Prussia
attacked France
threatened Paris
sans-culottes rose up
NATIONAL CONVENTION (1792–1795)
priority
fighting invaders
defeated Battle of Valmy
Jacobins not win a majority
Convention
imprisoned Louis XVI
Jacobins Convention's control
King executed by guillotine
the Terror began
execution of anti-revolutionaries
anyone suspected
coup d’état in 1794
sentenced Robespierre to death
White Terror
new Constitution
THE DIRECTORY (1795–1799)
new Constitution was approved
Directory
new legal text
new government
constant threat of warfare
internal conspiracies
new coup d’état
Internal instability
lack of a victory
THE CONSULATE (1799–1804)
1799
Napoleon Bonaparte
first consul of the Republic
another constitution
few powers
Congress
Senate
