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THE FRENCH REVOLUTION: LIBERTY, EQUALITY, FRATERNITY - Coggle Diagram

- - - - popular amongst large segments of the population
        
        including nobility and clergy
      - separation of powers
      - equality before the law
      - Criticism of absolutism
      - division of society into estates of the realm
    - - Benjamin Franklin and Thomas Jefferson visited France regularly
      - French people participated in the American War of Independe
        
        such as marquess of Lafayette
    - - noblemen and clerics did not pay direct taxes
        
        richest estates
        
        they did not provide any economic benefit to society as a whole
      - the bourgeoisie and the peasantry did pay taxes
    - - After the Seven Years’ War
        
        France lost
        
        Canada and possessions of Africa and India
        
        against Great Britain
      - Royal Treasury
        
        forced to pay the huge debts used to finance the wars
      - the court at Versailles
        
        did not reduce its spending on luxuries
    - - propaganda pamphlets criticising the Old Regime
      - the king and queen were openly criticised and discredited
      - +25,000 books of grievances
        
        Citizens and peasants described their
        
        complaints
        
        demands
    - - During bad harvests
        
        farming production could no longer meet the demand for food
        
        existing social inequalities became more evident
        
        Many Parisian went hungry and had no resources
  - - - absolute monarchy with Enlightened despotism
    - - criticise the situation
      - demand a change of regime
- - - - Commoners wanted it to be individual
        
        one vote per attendee
        
        would win the majority vote
        
        the nobility and clergy rejected this
        
        Estates-General was dissolved
        
        third estate delegates
        
        formed the National Assembly
        
        only representatives of the French people
        
        swore not to depart until France had a Constitution
  - - - lower classes of Parisians
      - allied with bourgeoisie
      - played a large role in the main revolutionary events
        
        Storming of the Bastille
    - - there were political prisoners of the absolute monarchy
        
        soldiers of the prison opened the door for prisoner to escape
    - - abolition of feudal privileges
      - the establishment of censitary suffrage
      - creation of a single direct and universal tax
      - he drew up
        
        Constitution of 1791
        
        division of powers
        
        King hold executive power
        
        Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen
        
        Men are born and remain free and equal in rights
        
        The principle of all sovereignty resides essentially in the nation
        
        The free communication of thoughts and opinions is one of the most precious rights of man
  - - - The Plain
        
        deputies who were in the majority
        
        did not belong to any party
      - The Girondins
        
        second highest number of representatives
        
        moderates
        
        federalists
        
        supporters of the parliamentary monarchy
      - The Jacobins
        
        radical liberals
        
        centralists
        
        supporters of the Republic
        
        the minority
    - - attacked France
      - threatened Paris in 1792
        
        The sans-culottes rose up
        
        they were suspicious of the King's loyalty
        
        who had conspired with the invader
    - - called elections by universal manhood suffrage
  - - - he emperor of Austria’s sister
      - married Louis XV
      - The French people accused her of
        
        defending Austrian interests
        
        spending money on whims
        
        while people starved
      - convicted and executed by guillotine in 1793
    - - motto of the French Revolution and the French Republic
      - Popular due to
        
        Its simplicity
        
        force of its ideas
      - Convention used it for documents and monuments
    - - National Convention
        
        removed and imprisoned Louis XVI
        
        who was then tried for treason and executed by guillotine
        
        Jacobins took control of the Convention
        
        voted for more radical measures as the war abroad escalated
        
        committees were organised
        
        to carry out different tasks of government
        
        slavery was abolished
        
        measures were approved to support the lower classes
    - - drew up a constitution that was never approved
        
        Inspired by the Jacobins
        
        greater political democratisation
        
        universal manhood suffrage
        
        distributing wealth
        
        giving people the right to
        
        food
        
        education
        
        work
    - - Robespierre (leader of the Jacobins)
        
        Public Health Committee
        
        responsible for defending the revolution
        
        ordered the execution of
        
        anti-revolutionaries
        
        anyone suspected of being an anti-revolutionary
      - The excesses and constant instability
        
        coup d’état in 1794
        
        led by a moderate sector of the deputies
        
        They seized power
        
        sentenced Robespierre to death
        
        ‘White Terror’
        
        against the Jacobins
        
        The Convention began drafting a new Constitution
  - - - less open in rights and freedoms
    - - faced the constant threat of foreign warfare
      - faced internal conspiracies and rebellions
        
        led by monarchists and revolutionaries
    - - Internal instability
      - the lack of a definitive victory abroad
  - - - led a coup d’état in 1799
      - seized power
      - drew up another constitution
        
        Congress and a Senate with very few powers
        
        Consulate
        
        executive and legislative powers
      - ruled in an authoritarian way as the first consul of the Republic