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Construction indistry and roles and responsabilities, RIBA Plan of work,…

- - - - The design team
        
        Architectural technologist
        
        works in an architects office
        
        architectural design services, building design and construction
        
        specialises in science of architecture, building design and construction
        
        vary from office to office
        
        connected with drawin information rather that conceptual design and contract adinistration
        
        QS
        
        manages the cost
        
        from eary to final costs
        
        minimise the costs and enhance value for money
        
        cost predictions and cost analysis
        
        bills of quantities for contracters to price
        
        prepares, negotiates and analyses costs for tenders and contracts
        
        advises on a range of legal and contractural issues
        
        values completed work for payment certification by architect
        
        structural engineer
        
        advice for design
        
        designs structural aspects
        
        topographical survey of site and subsoil conditions
        
        advise, specify and inspect the structure
        
        produce detailed technical drawings
        
        inspecting unsafe buildings, recomending options for repairs or demolition
        
        civil engineer
        
        roads, railways, drainage
        
        services engineer
        
        integration of services into the design
        
        provide advice, specification and schematic/detailed drawings
        
        mechanical design
        
        air supply/extract systems
        
        heating
        
        drainage
        
        water supple
        
        electrical design
        
        electrical and data supply /cabling
        
        lighting
        
        fire alarm, security and access control ect
        
        also advises on energy use and sustainability
        
        landscape architect
        
        plan design and manage open spaces including both natural and built environments
        
        ground formations, planting, external works, pavings ect
        
        consider the whole life of plants and of wildlife
        
        diverse projects, both urban and rurl, ranging from the design of parks, gardens and housing estates to city centres
        
        principal designer (under CDM 2015 regulations)
        
        client must appoint
        
        ensures the porposals are safe to construct (not the design team leader)
        
        oversees the health and afety conciderations of the design team
        
        thourough knowledge of the project and esign process (usually an architect)
        
        risks/hazerds and designed-out or any raimaining residual risks and highlinghted to the contractor to plan for mitigation
        
        architect
        
        differ between projects
        
        designer of the building project
        
        qualified to both design and administer the building project
        
        directs the design project
        
        advises client on the need for and appointment of other consultants
        
        co ordinated other consultants
        
        idvices on procurement methods
        
        inspects the building work in progress
        
        will complete
        
        initial concept/idea
        
        visualisation/selling image
        
        site inspections/and contract administration
        
        detailed plans
        
        construction drawings
        
        obtain permissions
      - The construction team
        
        principle contractor
        
        sub contractor
        
        suppliers
        
        manufacturers
    - - is the customer
      - commisions the deign and construction
      - mostr important member of the team
      - must concider their needs and aspirations when designing
      - come in various forms
        
        home owner
        
        public body
        
        large or small businesses
- - - - Review main services and Public Utilities implications
      - Review production information package with consultants etc
      - Organise Pre contract Meeting
  - - - Cost of Project
      - Programme
      - aapply for Building Warrant
      - suppliers including Design Team Meetings
      - Co-ordination of ³communicating systems´ with consultants and
      - team ³fit´ together
      - Ensuring detailed proposals from each member of the design
      - Co-ordinating and controlling detail design information
      - Including Specialist contractors/suppliers
- - - - they must notify HSE
      - domestic client
        
        contractor (or principle contractor if there are multiple
        
        principle designer where there is writen agreement that they will carry out the clients dities
- - - - Same responsibilities as Traditional: Sequential, but Contractor’s tenders are based on a partially-developed design by the Consultants. The successful Contractor then assists with the final development of the design and costing (often by Sub-contractors).
      - Created to remedy the length of time taken by the sequential procurement route.
      - Tender Documents:
        
        Can use design drawings instead of full working drawings.
        
        Can use bill of approximate quantities instead of full bill of quantities.
        
        Often has more provisional sums (for un-designed/undefined work).
      - Advantages
        
        Allows for competitive tendering.
        
        Client has own Design Team responsible for quality of design and specification.
        
        Allows for earlier site start compared to traditional sequential.
      - Disadvantages
        
        Time required to complete design to at least Detail Design stage and obtain competitive prices.
        
        Client has numerous consultants and advisors to manage.
        
        Less cost certainty due to tendering on a partial design.
        
        Second stage is priced under less competitive conditions.
  - - - outline
        
        Tendering
        
        Contractor appointment
        
        Construction.
        
        less cost risk
        
        Outline design
        
        Detailed design
      - Requires the design to be complete, or with only minor design issues outstanding, eg type of wall tiles, carpets, etc, but with price range defined
      - tender documents
        
        Goes out for Contractor tendering with full design and detail drawings, specification, bills of quantities (if appropriate).
        
        Can include Provisional Sums, set by Quantity Surveyor, for any areas of work not yet fully designed/defined
      - Traditional role of the architect
        
        Client commissions the Architect to take a project from inception to completion.
        
        Architect will administer the project through all of the Plan of Work stages.
        
        Architect will advise on the requirement for and appointment of other consultants.
        
        All design work is carried out by the Architect and others in the ‘Design Team’.
        
        Contractor has little or no design responsibility, usually selected through competitive tendering.
        
        Contractor is only responsible for executing the construction work in accordance with the drawings and specification.
        
        During construction, the Architect inspects the work on behalf of the Client, checking for adherence to the drawings and quality of workmanship.
        
        Architect acts as the ‘Contract Administrator’ under the building contract, which gives them powers and obligations, eg, instructions (AIs), payment certificates, etc.
        
        Architect can instruct the Contractor to alter/remedy any Works which are not in accordance with the drawings and specification.
      - advantages
        
        Design is complete and fully costed by tenderers, providing price certainty and
        
        control of the cost of variations.
        
        Allows for all of the work to be priced competitively.
        
        Client has own Design Team responsible for the quality of design and specification.
        
        Client shares the risks of time and cost slippage through the Conditions of Contract.
      - disadvantages
        
        Time required to complete the design and obtain competitive prices prior to any construction work starting.
        
        Client has numerous consultants and advisors to manage.
    - - Some of the stages are brought forward and overlapped, to allow early commencement of construction on site
      - more cost rick
      - Same responsibilities as Traditional: Sequential, but overlapped work stages.
      - Created to remedy the length of time taken by the sequential procurement route.
      - Tender Documents:
        
        Can use design drawings instead of full working drawings.
        
        Can use bill of approximate quantities instead of full bill of quantities.
        
        Often has more provisional sums (for un-designed/undefined work).
      - advantages
        
        Allows for competitive tendering.
        
        Client has own Design Team responsible for quality of design and specification.
        
        Allows for earlier site start compared to traditional sequential.
      - disadvantages
        
        Time required to complete design to at least Detail Design stage and obtain competitive prices.
        
        Client has numerous consultants and advisors to manage.
        
        Cost certainty depends on the accuracy of the design information and BoQs provided
- - - - Employer’s Requirements.
      - Strategic Brief.
      - Contract Sum Analysis Pro-Form
    - - contractor proposals
      - full costing on the pro-froma
  - - - Employer’s Requirements.
      - Strategic Brief.
      - Contract Sum Analysis Pro-Form
    - - contractor proposals
      - full costing on the pro-froma
  - - - Employer’s Requirements.
      - Strategic Brief.
      - Concept Design stage or Developed Design stage drawings.
    - - contractors detailed proposals
      - full costing
- - - - Rental of the project from Design & Build Contractor.
      - Fees for running/management/maintenance of the project.
- - - - developmental planning
        
        planning permission
        
        Initial consultation can be sought through “pre-application enquiry”
        
        Applications may be submitted at a number of levels such as
        
        ‘Planning Permission in Principle’ or ‘Detailed (full) Planning Permission’
        
        Applications are reviewed and decided by Planning Officers and Planning Committee.
        
        Applicants may appeal against a refusal of planning permission
        
        scottish appeals are made in two stages
        
        To the local authority appeal board
        
        To the Scottish Government (Directorate for Planning and Environmental Appeals)
        
        Work to listed buildings or buildings located within conservation areas require
        
        Separate ‘Listed Building and Conservation Area Consent’.
      - developmentl management
      - enforcement
      - statutory development plans
        
        structure plan (aberdeen)
        
        setting clear direction for future
        
        local development plan (aberdeen)
- - - - 0: General
      - 1: Structure
      - 2: Fire
      - 3: Environment
      - 4: Safety
      - 5: Noise
      - 6: Energy
      - 7: Sustainability
      - Appendix A: Defined terms
      - Appendix B: Lists of standards
    - - obtained prior to construction work
      - can be phased in larger projects
        
        approval given at different design stages
        
        drainage
        
        foundations
        
        superstructure
      - ongoing dialogue with local authority building standards officer
      - drawings/information
        
        heavily detailed
        
        structure
        
        insulation
        
        fire barriers
        
        DPCs
  - - - access to goods
      - facilities and service
      - larger private clubs
      - land base transport services
      - buying or renting land or property
      - easier for diabled people to rent property
      - owners/tenants to make disability-related adaptions
- - - - development control
      - economic growth
      - land use
      - aethetics
  - - - control of standards
      - energy efficency
      - well-being of occpants
      - functionality
  - - - health and safety
      - manage risks
      - effective planning
- - - - project is sutably managed
      - ensure health and safety
      - 2 types of client
        
        commercial
        
        construction work as part of business
        
        individual, partnership or company
        
        includes property developers and companies managing domestic properties
        
        domestic
        
        construction work carried out but not in connection to business
        
        work done on their own home or family members
      - appoint principle designer
      - appoint principle contractor
    - - An organisation or individual whose work involves preparing or modifying designs, drawings, specifications, bills of quantities or design calculations
      - can be architects, consulting engineers and quantity surveyors, or anyone who specifies and alters designs as part of their work.
      - include specialist Contractors if they carry out design work.
      - Duties under the CDM Regs are to eliminate, reduce or control foreseeable risks that may arise during construction work, or in the use and maintenance of the building once built.
      - Duties are supervised by a Principal Designer.
      - must
        
        make sure the client is aware of the client duties under CDM 2015 before starting any design work
        
        when preparing or modifying designs:
        
        take account of any pre-construction information provided by the client (and principal designer, if one is involved)
        
        eliminate foreseeable health and safety risks to anyone affected by the project (if possible)
        
        take steps to reduce or control any risks that cannot be eliminated
        
        provide design information to:
        
        the principal designer (if involved), for inclusion in the pre-construction information and the health and safety file
        
        the client and principal contractor (or the contractor for single contractor projects) to help them comply with their duties, such as ensuring a construction phase plan (PDF)- Portable Document Format is prepared
        
        communicate, cooperate and coordinate with:
        
        any other designers (including the principal designer) so that all designs are compatible and ensure health and safety, both during the project and beyond
        
        all contractors (including the principal contractor), to take account of their knowledge and experience of building designs
    - - appointed by the client to oversee the CDM activities on the pre-construction phase of projects
      - main duty is to plan, manage, monitor and coordinate health and safety considerations during this phase, when most design work is carried out.
      - plan, manage, monitor and coordinate health and safety in the pre-construction phase. In doing so they must take account of relevant information (such as an existing health and safety file) that might affect design work carried out both before and after the construction phase has started
      - help and advise the client in bringing together pre-construction information, and provide the information designers and contractors need to carry out their duties
      - work with any other designers on the project to eliminate foreseeable health and safety risks to anyone affected by the work and, where that is not possible, take steps to reduce or control those risks
      - ensure that everyone involved in the pre-construction phase communicates and cooperates, coordinating their work wherever required
      - liaise with the principal contractor, keeping them informed of any risks that need to be controlled during the construction phase
    - - contractor appointed by the client to manage the CDM/Health & Safety activities on the construction phase of projects
      - must
        
        plan, manage, monitor and coordinate the entire construction phase
        
        take account of the health and safety risks to everyone affected by the work (including members of the public), in planning and managing the measures needed to control them
        
        liaise with the client and principal designer for the duration of the project to ensure that all risks are effectively managed
        
        prepare a written construction phase plan (PDF)- Portable Document Format before the construction phase begins, implement, and then regularly review and revise it to make sure it remains fit for purpose
        
        have ongoing arrangements in place for managing health and safety throughout the construction phase
        
        consult and engage with workers about their health, safety and welfare
        
        ensure suitable welfare facilities are provided from the start and maintained throughout the construction phase
        
        check that anyone they appoint has the skills, knowledge, experience and, where relevant, the organisational capability to carry out their work safely and without risk to health
        
        ensure all workers have site-specific inductions, and any further information and training they need
        
        take steps to prevent unauthorised access to the site
        
        liaise with the principal designer to share any information relevant to the planning, management, monitoring and coordination of the pre-construction phase
    - - individual or business in charge of carrying out construction work (eg building, altering, maintaining or demolishing)
      - Anyone who manages this work or directly employs or engages construction workers is a contractor
      - Their main duty is to plan, manage and monitor the work under their control in a way that ensures the health and safety of anyone it might affect (including members of the public)
      - Contractors work under the supervision of the Principal Contractor on projects with more than one contractor.
    - - individual who actually carries out the work involved in building, altering, maintaining or demolishing buildings or structures
      - Workers include:
        
        plumbers
        
        electricians
        
        scaffolders
        
        painters
        
        decorators
        
        steel erectors
        
        supervisors like foremen and chargehands
      - Their duties include cooperating with their employer and other dutyholders, reporting anything they see that might endanger the health and safety of themselves or others.
      - Workers must be consulted on matters affecting their health, safety and welfare.
  - - - A brief description of the work carried out;
      - Any hazards that have not been eliminated through the design and construction processes, and how they have been addressed (e.g. surveys or other information concerning asbestos or contaminated land);
      - Key structural principles (e.g. bracing, sources of substantial stored energy - including pre- or post-tensioned members) and safe working loads for floors and roofs;
      - Hazardous materials used (e.g. lead paints and special coatings);
      - Information regarding the removal or dismantling of installed plant and equipment (e.g. any special arrangements for lifting such equipment);
      - Health and safety information about equipment provided for cleaning or maintaining the structure;
      - The nature, location and markings of significant services, including underground cables; gas supply equipment; fire-fighting services etc;
      - Information and as-built drawings of the building, its plant and equipment (e.g. the means of safe access to and from service voids and fire doors).
- - - - proffessional indemity insurance
      - employers liability insturance
    - - life insurance
      - buildings and contents insurance
      - third party liability
- - - - a source of ethical guidance.
      - a standard for professional conduct and practice expected of Architects, including complaints handling and client service.
      - an indicator of good practice.
    - - Standard 1
        
        Honesty & Integrity.
      - Standard 2
        
        Competence.
      - Standard 3
        
        Honest promotion of your services.
      - Standard 4
        
        Competent management of your business.
      - Standard 9
        
        Maintaining the reputation of architects.
      - Standard 10
        
        Deal with disputes or complaints appropriately.
      - Standard 11
        
        Co-operation with regulatory requirements and investigations.
      - Standard 12
        
        Respect for others.
        
        You should treat everyone fairly and in line with the law. You should not discriminate because of disability, age, gender, sexual orientation, ethnicity, or any other inappropriate consideration.
      - Standard 5
        
        Considering the wider impact of your work.
        
        Whilst your primary responsibility is to your clients, you should take into account the environmental impact of your professional activities.
      - Standard 6
        
        You should carry out your professional work faithfully and conscientiously and with due regard to relevant technical and professional standards.
      - Standard 7
        
        Trustworthiness and safeguarding clients’ money.
      - Standard 8
        
        Insurance arrangements (see later).
- - - - (Architect’s appointment contract)
    - - Assists the public in identifying architects suitable for their needs
      - Offers advice on the process of appointment and procurement
- - - - -The reward (payment) to be provided and by whom.
      - -Who takes the risk for cost or remedy when ‘unforseens’ occur, or things go wrong?
        
        In a Traditional Procurement, the Designer will be responsible to the Employer (Client) for a design failure
        
        In a Design & Build Procurement, the Contractor will be responsible to the Employer (Client) for a design failure, but the Designer will be responsible to the Contractor.
      - -The work to be provided and by whom and when.
- - - - Time: speed and/or certainty of timescale.
      - Cost: economy of cost and/or certainty of cost.
      - Quality: quality of design and/or quality of construction.
    - - Control: apportionment of risk, eg ‘unforseens’.
      - Size/value: small / medium / large.
      - Complexity: complex / simple / specialist design required.