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Science Exam, balls - Coggle Diagram

- - - - How many shells
    - - Show number of electrons in outer most shell (valence shells)
- - - - Formed when dead animal or plant remains build up then cement together.
      - Can be layered and soft, but flint and chert can be hard
      - Examples of biogenic stone: coal, flint, chert
    - - Formed when minerals dissolve in groundwater
      - or crystallise within sediments,
      - or when water evaporates, leaving behind crystals
      - Examples of chemical rock: halite, gypsum, limestone
    - - Formed when water wind gravity and ice lay down sediments
      - They are then compacted and cemented
      - Contains broken pieces of rock (clasts), and fossils.
      - Examples of clastic rock: Conglomerate, mudstone, breccia, sandstone
    - - Made from sediments (small weathered rock particles)
      - The sediments are compacted and cemented.
      - Groundwater contains chemicals that stick sediments together.
      - Those chemicals are silica and lime
  - - - Formed when lava or magma cools and crystallises
      - some form at surface of earth, and some form underground deep in the crust
    - - Intrusive rocks contain large crystals
      - Slower cooling rate
      - Particles can move around and keep adding to nearby crystals which then grow bigger.
      - form below the sruface
    - - grow at or near the surface
      - contain small, tiny crystals
      - faster cooling rate
      - particles do not have enough time to move to nearby crystals and instead form tiny ones
    - - They are hard and strong
      - good for building
      - stone structures
  - - - formed when intense heat and/ or pressure alter existing rocks
      - this causes physical changes
      - folding the rocks
      - or sliding different parts of the rock sideways (shearing)
      - heat and pressure can also cause chemical changes like recrystallisation of minerals
    - - where rock is altered by both heat and pressure
      - this occurs across large areas and results in colliding plates or rocks being buried.
    - - this is where rock is mostly altered by heat
      - occurs over smaller areas and results in magma intruding into rock
    - - rock is altered by mostly pressure
      - occurs in smaller areas where crustal rocks scrape past eachother
- - - - Metallic elements
        
        Aluminium, iron, mercury, gold, silver
        
        used in everyday construction
        
        tend to be shiny, solid at room temp
        
        solid at room temp
        
        conductors of heat and elec
        
        bent/hammered into sheets
        
        or stretched into wires
      - Non-metallic elements
        
        lower melting and boiling point than metals
        
        tend to be solids and gases at room temp
        
        tend to be dull
        
        do not conduct heat or elec
- - - - Number of electrons and number of protons eg. atomic mass=15 15 electrons and 15 protons
    - - Number of protons ands neutrons added together