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CHAPTER 4: THE INTERNET AND THE WEB - Coggle Diagram
CHAPTER 4: THE INTERNET AND THE WEB
THE INTERNET
(connectivity)
Definition
Proper definition
: A network infrastructure that connects and allow communication between millions of computers globally
Simplified definition
: A connection between computers in networks
History
: Internet started with a project called ARPANET in the late 1950s for the UD Department of Defence
Internet Availability in Malaysia
Internet in Malaysia began in 1990 when the MIMOS launched JARING (the first Malaysian ISP)
JARING has been out of service since 2015
1990s (MIMOS) / 1992 (JARING) / 1996 (Multimedia Super Coridor)
THE WEB
(accessing resources)
Definition
Acronym World Wide Web (WWW), commonly known as the Web
Proper definition
: A layer or service on the internet that uses several protocols to facilitate information sharing
Simplified definition
: An information space where the documents and other web resources can be accessed through the Internet
History of the Web
1989 in Switzerland, Tim Berners-Lee invented WWW to facilitate automated information-sharing between scientists in universities and institutes around the world
He developed
HTML
(hypertext markup language),
HTTP
(hypertext transfer protocol) and the
first web browser called WorldWideWeb
for NeXT Computer
Evolution of the Web
Web 1.0 (1990-2000) - Static Contents hosted on web servers / GeoCities
Web 2.0 (2000-2010) - Dynamic contents, ability to interact with web users
Web 3.0 (2010-2020) - Sematic Web, Web Services, App to App interactions
Web 4.0 (2020-2030) - Electronics Agents, Ubiquitous Web, human and machines interactions
Web utilities
- utility programs that eases internet surfing activities and make them safer. There are 3 types
Plug-ins
= Programs that are automatically started and operated as part of a browser
A software component that adds a specific feature to an existing computer program
Examples
Search engines
Internet searching = the process of exploring the Internet for information with the use of a search engines like Google, Bing, Yandex and DuckDuckGo
Search engine = software system that is designed to search for information on the WWW
Searching
How a search engine works?
It works by crawling hundreds of billions of pages
Search engine bots or spiders are web crawlers
It navigates the web by downloading pages and following link to discover new pages using algorithm know as spider / crawler
Online database search
= A database accessible by computers in a local network or computers on the Internet
Examples: Scholarly literatures (provide public search engine and digital library of academic scientific papers) such as Google Scholar
Boolean searching
An important tool that can be used when searching catalogs, indexes, online databases, and the web
Boolean search string - Enables users to look for more specific results from an online databases. Search string operators:
5 more items...
Content evaluation
4 more items...
Virus scanner
Adobe Flash Player
Java plug-in
Web Filters
= A computer program that can screen an incoming Web Page to see if any or all of it should be hidden from the user
Allows an enterprise or individual user to block pages of certain web pages content according to their preferences such as push advertising, obscene content and viruses
Example of Internet filter software
Surfie
Quistodio
Net Nanny
File transfer utilities
= A computer program specifically designed to handle file transfers
Downloading = The process of transferring the files from a computer (eg. a server) to another computer
Vice-versa of downloading is uploading
Types of file transfer utilities
FTP / SFTP
File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
= A standard Internet protocol for transmitting files between computers on the Internet over Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) / Internet Protocol (IP)
Example: FileZilla
Secure File Transfer Protocol (SFTP) / SSH File Transfer Protocol
= A network protocol that provides file access, file transfer, and file management over any reliable data stream
Web-based transfer services
= A variety of services that allow users to share files over the web for other people to download
Often available for free, though users who want to share very large files may have to pay a fee for the service or for faster file transfer
Example: Dropbox
BitTorrent
= A communications protocol of peer-to-peer file sharing ("P2P") which is used to distribute data and electronic files over the internet
Common protocols for transferring large files such as digital video files containing shows or video clips or digital audio files containing songs
Requirements of Internet and Web access
Internet Service Provider (ISP)
Refers to a company that provides Internet services, including personal and business free or with certain amount of fee
Examples: TIME, TM Net, Celcom, Maxis and Digi
Web Browser
Browsers = computer program that allow users to access web resources
Browser = The application for the users to locate, retrieve and display contents on the Web
Example: Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, Opera and Safari
Uniform Resource Locator (URL)
Consist of
protocol
" https: " - HTTP (unsecure connection link) and HTTPS (secure connection link) is a TCP/IP-based protocol used to transmit data
domain name
" www.iium.edu.my " - states the resource's location
top-level domain (TLD)
".edu.my " - name that identifies the type of organization
.com - commercial
.edu - educational
.gov - government
.mil - military
.net - network
.org - organization
Elements to provide highly interactive and animated websites
Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML)
the standard markup language used to create web pages and to develop web applications
provides structure of a web design
Cascading Style Sheet (CSS)
describes the web pages elements layout to be displayed on computers screen, hardcopy or in other media
handles to look and feel of a website
JavaScript
makes a webpage more dynamic by allowing users to interact with other web pages
handles complex functions and features
COMMUNICATIONS
Electronic mail (email)
Components
Addresses
Parts of email addresses
Username
" hsnhaniff " @
Domain name includes the top-level domain (TTD)
" live.iium.edu.my "
Subject
Attachment
Type of recipients
To
: People required to take action
Cc
(carbon copy) : Kept informed of the content, but no actions required from them
Bcc
(Blind Carbon Copy) : Receive the message without any of the other recipients knowing. Also used for larger mailings (over 50)
Type of email
Email client
An application that runs on your own personal computer and it uses client-server architecture (e.g. Microsoft Outlook)
Webmail
Web-based email accounts that operates from a website, allows users to access their email accounts as long as they have an Internet connection (e.g. Gmail, Hotmail and Yahoo mail)
Advantages
Cost
Easy to access
Keep the webmail contents
No configuration and software maintenance
Email spam
A type of electronic spam where unsolicited messages are sent by email
Also known as spam mail or junk email
Could harm the email account owner by carrying disguise messages which might contain viruses, "phising" link and trojan horse
Social Media
One form of electronic communication that facilitates the online communities to share information, ideas, personal messages, and other content
Common features
Interactive application
Users can communicate through online chat
Users are able to save, organize and manage links to various websites and resources
Artificial Intelligence-powered
facilitates sharing information, thoughts, and ideas gives users quick access to social media content
makes predictions about an event based on a vast dataset
Example
machine learning to recognize your face in Instagram
track users features in Snapchat
offer better job-candidate match in LinkedIn
Electronic commerce (E-commerce)
Involve buying and selling of goods and services, or transmitting of funds or data, over an electronic network, primarily the internet
Also known as e-business or e-trail
Types
Business to Business (B2B)
Business to Consumer (B2C)
Example
Online banking (e.g BankIslam.biz / Maybank2u)
Financial trading (e.g stock exchange)
Online shopping (e.g lazada.com / amazon.com)
Consumer to Consumer (C2C)
Example
Rakuten
eBay Malaysia
Rakuten
Advantages
The website is accessible all the time
Time saving
Wider selection
Disadvantages
Insecurity in the conduct of online business transactions
Strong dependence on the internet connection
The product can't get immediately
Payment Options
E-wallet (e.g Grab Pay / Touch 'n Go / Boost)
Credit Card - card holder pay for the amount charged to their card
Debit / Credit Card - card holder need to have certain amount of money in their card
Bank transfer (e.g Maybank2u / DuitNow)
Digital Cash (e.g Bitcoin / e-krona in Sweden)