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THE FRENCH REVOLUTION: LIBERTY, EQUALITY, FRATERNITY, equalite, logo…
THE FRENCH REVOLUTION: LIBERTY, EQUALITY, FRATERNITY
DIFFICULT TIMES FOR THE MONARCHY
king of France
Louis XVI
absolute monarchy
enlightenment despotism
criticised by the population
demand a change of regime
caused the revolution in 1789
FACTORS THAT TRIGGERED THE REVOLUTION
The liberal ideas of the Enlightenment.
widespread among the population
criticised
absolutism
division of society into states
The example of the United States
some Frenchmen
fought on the side of the colonists
American War of Independence
delegates from America
visited France
who signed the declaration of Independence
Inequality before the law
feudal society
from the old regime
privileged states
not pay direct taxes
didn't benefit the society
noblemen and clerics
third estate
bourgeoisie and peasantry
pay taxes
Economic crisis
consequences of the Seven years' war
Frane loosed
Canada
India
Africa
pay huge debts
from the Royal treasury
court at Versailles
didn't reduce the luxuries
Political unrest
The king and queen were openly criticised
pamphlets criticising the Old Regime
great political unrest in Paris
25,000 books of grievances
complaints and demands
Social inequalities
population growth
during the 18th century
farm production not enough
Parisians were hungry
no recourses
inequalities became more evident
PHASES OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION
LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY (1791–1792)
Elections
constitutional assembly dissolved
create the Legislative Assembly
prepare the laws
political tendencies
The Plain
majority
not belong to any party
The Girondins
moderates
federalists
supporters of the parliamentary monarchy
The Jacobins
radical liberals
minority
centralists
supporters of the Republic
Austria and Prussia attacked France
threatened Paris in 1792
sans culottes rose up
lower classes of Parisians
allied with the bourgeoisie
played a large role in the main revolutionary events
suspended the executive power of the king
he had conspired against them
called elections
universal manhood suffrage
NATIONAL CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY (1789–1791)
social situation got worse
countryside
nobles were raided
Paris
attacked the Bastille prison
there were political prisoners
the soldiers opened the doors
The assembly
abolition of feudal privileges
establishment of censitary suffrage
a single direct and universal tax
the King
could not dissolve the assembly
Constitution of 1791
division of powers
king holding the executive power
Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen
contacted other absolute monarchies
conspire against the new regime
they didn't want to spread through Europe
was discovered
detained in the Tuileries Palace
THE ESTATES-GENERAL (1789)
consultative Parliament
assembled by King Louis XVI
based
classes or states
typical in the Old Regime
the king wanted to put taxes to the rich
the royal treasury had problems
voting system
one per state
the third state
wanted to be individual
was dissolved
clergy and nobility
rejected the voting system
one vote per attender
national assembly was created
by the third state
only representatives of France
wanted s Constitution
NATIONAL CONVENTION (1792–1795)
Assembly
executive and legislative powews
national convention
needed a new constitution
never approved
fight the invaders
the priority
Battle of Valmy
Republic was proclaimed
September 1792
Jacobins obtained more representatives
not the majority
radical measures
committees were organised
slavery was abolished
support the lower classes
greater political democratisation
universal manhood suffrage
distributing wealth
rigths
fooded
education
work
the king was imprisoned
tried for treason
executed by guillotine
MARIE ANTOINETTE (1755–1793)
guillotine in 1793
the emperor of Austria's sister
the Terror
Robespierre
leader of the Jacobins
Public Health Committee
execute
anti-revolutionaries
defend revolution
coup d’état in 1794
excesses and constant instability
the moderate sector
sentenced Robespierre to death
White Terror
against the Jacobins
convention
new constitution
THE DIRECTORY (1795–1799)
new constitution
approved in 1795
less open in rights and freedoms
executive power
the directory
threat of foreign warfare
international counter-revolutionary coalitions
internal instability
conspiracies and rebellions
monarchistsr
revolutionaries
lack of a definitive victory
new coup d’état
THE CONSULATE (1799–1804)
coup d’état in 1799
led by Napoleon Bonaparte
seized power
drew a new constitution
Congress and a Senate
very few powers
Consulate
it was the government
executive and legislative powers
authoritarian ruler
first consul of the Republic
