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TOPIC 3 PERCEPTION & LEARNING IN ORGANIZATION - Coggle Diagram
TOPIC 3
PERCEPTION & LEARNING IN ORGANIZATION
Introduction to perception
The process of receiving information about and making sense of the world around us
Employees have their own perception – perception at the workplace – influence individual and group behavior
Many research conducted through perceptional studies (reporting the behavior of yourself and the others) – yield better outcome about various issues
The process of receiving, selecting, organizing, interpreting, checking and reacting to sensory stimuli or data.
Reception of raw sensory information through the various sense organs, and influenced by beliefs, goals and external context
PERCEPTUAL PROCESS MODEL
SELECTIVE ATTENTION
Definition :
The process of filtering information received by our senses
The process of attending to some information received by our senses and ignoring other information
FACTORS: Characteristics of the object,Characteristics of the perceiver
Perceptual organization and interpretation
Interpreting incoming information
Categorical Thinking
It relies on a variety of automatic perceptual grouping principles
EXAMPLE: things are often grouped together based on their similarity to others. Looking at the several professors you will assume that the others from that group are also professors.
Organizing people and objects into preconceived categories that are stored in our long term memory.
Your work will be monitored by male supervisor (gender and job title) – limited time, punctuality, outcome based, accelerate work matters, professional, skillful
MENTAL MODELS
SOCIAL IDENTITY THEORY
Categorization process
compare characteristics of our groups with other groups, we use social categories like black, white, Australian, Christian, Muslim, student.
Homogenization process
similar traits within a group; different traits across groups, for example you have categorized yourself as a student, the chances are you will adopt the identity of a student and begin to act in the ways you believe students act.
Differentiation process
develop less favorable images of people in groups other than our own (more favorable images for our own group), categorized ourselves as part of a group and have identified with that group we then tend to compare that group with other groups
STEREOTYPING IN ORGANIZATIONS
Strong need to understand and anticipate others’ behavior – especially when we deal with unknown individual (during the interview; tend to relate a person character by associating them with their personal background) – under certain situation – stereotyping becomes important
Enhances our self-perception and social identity – people tend to develop negative stereotypes
Categorical thinking – rely on group attribute rather than personal attribute, difficult to remember the individual characteristics (race, gender, marital status, country of origin)
SELF – FULFILLING PROPHECY
KATZ AND BRALY (1933) – RACIAL STEREOTYPING
White Americans - were seen as industrious, progressive and ambitious.
African Americans - were seen as lazy, ignorant and musical. Participants were quite ready to rate ethnic groups with whom they had no personal contact.
ADVANTAGES
Personality and work behavior – assist in making decision
Disadvantage
is that it makes us ignore differences between individuals; therefore we think things about people that might not be true (i.e. make generalizations) - Inaccuracies in our predictions
Overestimation or underestimation
Discrimination, prejudice – competition and hostility
MINIMIZING STEREOTYPING BIASES
ATTRIBUTION THEORY
INTERNAL ATTRIBUTION
EXTERNAL ATTRIBUTION
ATTRIBUTION ERRORS
SELF – FULFILLING PROPHECY
Recency Effect
Recency Effect
Primacy Effect
Projection Bias