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Semester 1 Review Project - Coggle Diagram
Semester 1 Review Project
Unit 1
Lesson 1
4 Ethical Princ.
1) Beneficence - The principle of moral action which dictates the actor should do what is “right” and what is “good.”
2) Least Harm - The principle of moral action which dictates the actor should do the least harm possible
3) Autonomy- The principle of moral action which dictates the actor should make the decisions that best apply to their lives
4) Justice- The principle of moral action which dictates the actor should make choices that are fair to those involved
4 Ethical Theories
Utilitarianism- People should choose actions that yield the greatest amount of good or the most benefit
Rights- People should act to protect the established rights of a society as highest priority
Deontology- People should fulfill obligations and duties to others and as a part of society as what is ethically correct
Virtue- People should be judged on a character of the majority of their actions rather than ones that deviates
Church Understanding of Morality
The Church understands all morality through the lens of Christ
God has always been and always will be Triune, meaning tat there is always an inner community of the Persons of the Trinity known as the Immanent Trinity
God is communion- We are called to love and serve God, and, as Christ reminds us, that means extending that love to others
We encounter God in Persons, and to encounter one Person of the Trinity is to encounter them all. This is the Communication of Idioms. The Trinity that we encounter in those moments is known as the Economic Trinity
God is free- We are created in love which denotes freedom, not freedom from consequence, but a freedom which is bound up in our nature and our creation
Lesson 2
Definitons
Pneumatology- The study of the third person in the Trinity, The Holy Spirit
Primeval History- History of humanity told through Didactic Fiction and Figurative language, inspired by the Holy Spirit, to speak to our nature as created in the “image and likeness of God.”
Christology- the study Of Christ through thr Incarnation and Resurrection
Sacred Tradition- the compiled and divinely inspired revelation of the Church as guided by the Holy Spirit dating back to Christ and specifically to Pentecost
Soteriology- The theology surrounding salvation and salvation history
Sin
St. Thomas Aquinas Definiton
Sins of words and deed are both done openly, and for this reason Gregory (Moral. iv, 25) reckons them under one head: whereas Jerome (in commenting on Ezekiel 43:23) distinguishes between them, because in sins of word there is nothing but manifestation which is intended principally; while in sins of deed, it is the consummation of the inward thought which is principally intended, and the outward manifestation is by way of sequel. Habit and despair are stages following the complete species of sin, even as boyhood and youth follow the complete generation of a man.
Catechism of the Catholic Church
Sin is an offense against reason, truth, and right conscience; it is failure in genuine love for God and neighbor caused by a perverse attachment to certain goods. It wounds the nature of man and injures human solidarity. It has been defined as "an utterance, a deed, or a desire contrary to the eternal law."
Mortal and Venial sin
Mortal Sin- For a sin to be mortal, three conditions must together be met: “Mortal sin is sin whose object is grave matter and which is also committed with full knowledge and deliberate consent.”
Venial sin weakens charity; it manifests a disordered affection for created goods; it impedes the soul's progress in the exercise of the virtues and the practice of the moral good; it merits temporal punishment. Deliberate and unrepented venial sin disposes us little by little to commit mortal sin. However venial sin does not break the covenant with God. With God's grace it is humanly reparable. "Venial sin does not deprive the sinner of sanctifying grace, friendship with God, charity, and consequently eternal happiness."
Lesson 3
Protoevangelium
“I will put enmity between you and the woman, and between your offspring and hers; they will strike at your head, while you strike at their heel.”
God curses the Serpent for his specific treacherous actions, but responds with love toward humanity – whom God created in His own image
Covenants and Prophets
God called the Prophets to call the people back to the message of the Covenants, which ultimately foretell the coming of Christ, the Messiah.
God continues to call his people, even though they often fall far short of his call to love.
Hope in the Kingdom
The people created their own image of who they expected the Messiah to be, making it more difficult for them to recognize Christ in his coming, life, ministry, passion, death, and resurrection.
The people heard the message amidst suffering and throughout exile hoping for restoration.
This Covenant required a conversion of hearts for the people.
This New Covenant would be brought and fulfilled by God’s Messiah (Anointed One).
Certain of the Prophets foretold of the coming of a New Covenant and a New Heaven.
Lesson 4
Faith In action
As a member of the Church you are part of the Mystical Body of Christ
The Church is both Communal as it is individual
Communal- Think Sacraments, Worship and Liturgy, adherence to Universal
Individual- Think personal prayer and personal actions in the Faith
Justice- Working to solve the issues that left those people living in an undignified state
Service- Helping individuals with their needs, meeting them where they are and providing
Subsidarity- A principle of social doctrine that all social bodies exist for the sake of the individual so that what individuals are able to do, society should not take over, and what small societies can do, larger societies should not take over.
Solidarity- We are one human family whatever our national, racial, ethnic, economic, and ideological differences. We are our brothers’ and sisters’ keepers, wherever they may be. Loving our neighbor has global dimensions in a shrinking world. At the core of the virtue of solidarity is the pursuit of justice and peace. Pope Paul VI taught that “if you want peace, work for justice.”1 The Gospel calls us to be peacemakers. Our love for all our sisters and brothers demands that we promote peace in a world surrounded by violence and conflict.
Unit 2
Lesson 1
Essential Vocabulary
Fiat- Latin for “let it be done,” the words Mary spoke to the Angel Gabriel at the Annunciation, when the Incarnation took place.
Annunciation- The biblical even in which the Angel Gabriel visits Mary to announce that she is to be the Mother of the Savior.
Theotokos- The Greek title for Mary, referring to her as the “bearer of God”; sometimes translated “mother of God”.
Analogy of Faith- The coherence of individual doctrines with the whole of Revelation. As each doctrine is connected with
Revelation, each doctrine is also connected with all other doctrines.
Expiation- The act of atoning for sin or wrongdoing
Immaculate Conception- The Dogma(infallible teaching of the Church) that the Virgin Mary, from the moment of her conception, by a singular grace of God, was held free from Original Sin and remained free from personal sin throughout her entire life
The Holy Family and the Incarnation
Jospeh’s Role in the Incarnation
When the Angel of the Lord revealed the truth of Jesus’ sonship in a dream, Joseph not only believed, but listened and followed God’s directions to protect the child Jesus, earning him the title custos from St. John Paul II, meaning ‘caretaker of the Christ’.
Joseph also completes the necessary Davidic Lineage necessary to complete the prophesies told of the Messiah.
Mary’s Role in the Incarnation
Through the reality of the Immaculate Conception, Mary can uniquely bear Christ as the Theotokos, which she accepts with her Fiat on complete faith from the Annunciation. She receives the revelation through the Archangel Gabriel; and this is the moment with the Incarnation takes place and the Word takes Flesh.
Mary fulfills the role of the New Eve, and, therefore, Christ can fulfill the role of the New Adam.
Lesson 2
This prayer that is prayed at the Easter Vigil is filled with references to the expiation(atoning for sins or wrongdoing) of sins
It calls Christ our great Redeemer who surrenders His life in order to pay back the debt caused by our sins
One of the reasons for the Incarnation is to reconcile us with God through the forgiveness of sins
What is the Point of Incarnation
To be our model of holiness
To make us Partakers of the Divine Nature
To help us know the depth of God’s love
To destroy the power of the Devil
To reconcile us with God through the Forgiveness of Sins
Lesson 3
Exorcism
Why does the priest invoke Christ’s name to dispel the demon?
They know who Christ is and how powerful he is
In Persona Christi means that the Priest’s ministry and authority comes directly from Christ and that it is never in the priest’s “possession”
Matthew’s Inafncy Narrative
5 women mentioned
Rahab
Ruth
Tamar
Bethsheba
Mary
14 Generations x 3
Abraham to David
David to the Exile
The Exile to Jesus
Lesson 4
The Synoptic Accounts of Christ’s Baptism
In all three Jesusis baptized in the Jordan by John and the Holy Spirit comes upon Jesus with an affirming message
Even though Jesus never sinned, His baptism shows his willingness to accept the human conditon
Jesus was not going to flaunt his sinlessnessnin front of sinners
The Baptism of Jesus is one of the Luminous Mysteries of the Rosary.
History of the Rosary
Battle of Lepanto- Saves the Church
Apparitions at Fatima- Children were called to pray the rosary and offer sacrifice for the souls and their conversion
St. Dominic- Gets the Rosary for Mary
Lesson 5
Hyperdulia- the most efficacious level of veneration given to Mary alone
Delia- Veneration and Honor given to saints at different capacities
Latria- Adoration and Worship given to God alone
Protodulia- A more efficacious level of veneration than dulia but less than hyperdulia; given to St. Joseph alone as first among saints.
Lesson 6
Unit 3
Lesson 1
Atheist-a person who does not believe in the existence of God or gods.
Agnostic -a person who believes that nothing about God's existence or nature is known or can be known
Lapsed Catholic -A lapsed Catholic is a non-practicing Catholic. Such a person may still identify as a Catholic and, according to canon law, remains one unless they do a renowned act of defection from the church.
Lesson 2
The story of Jacob from the Old Testament tells a story of a man who was clearly innocent and was made to suffer tremendously for reasons beyond his comprehension.
Finally God put him in his place and Job confesses that he has challenged something beyond his ability to understand.
In the end he accused God for not being fair with him even though he wasn’t aware of all the facts of his case
Jesus clearly calls out to groups of people that were normally online to one another- the scribes and Pharisees
Jesus publicly accuses him of being hypocrites a brood of vipers and blind guides
Lesson 3
A king would demand a triumphant entry into his capital. He would ride on a chariot or a white horse. He would want important people there to greet him. Perhaps want a parade of soldiers. Maybe even fireworks There would trumpets and other loud instruments playing.
This is one of the few events in the life of Jesus that all four gospels write about.
None of the elements of a king’s entry into a capital city are seen in any of these passages:
There are many people to greet Jesus, but they were common people, not royalty or leaders or aristocrats.
Jesus rides on a donkey, not a white horse or a chariot.
There’s no parade, no fireworks, no trumpets blowing.
Lesson 4
In the synoptics Jesus uses the same line to defend the temple “ my house shall be a house of prayer, yet you have made it a den of thieves.”
Jesus is angry at the buying and selling that was occurring within the walls of the temple.
The people could not pay the temple using Roman currency because Roman currency bore the image of Cesar. So they had to exchange Roman currency for temple currency.
I if you wanted to make an offering to the Lord you first had to change your money Temple currency, purchase the animals and then pay the priest to make the offering for you. This is why Jesus was angry about their using their position and the laws regarding sacrifice to make profit and not so much to make proper offerings to the Lord on behalf of the people.
Lesson 5
It is a Catholic custom to name children after saints. In some countries even today, you are named for the saint celebrated on the day you were born. Your saints’ day may be celebrated more than your birthday.
In the ancient Church it was really based on popular devotion - if
enough people believed that someone was a saint, the Church accepted it as evidence that God wanted it to be known.
The communion of saints is the idea that the Church exists triumphantly in heaven among the saints who pray for us, the
Church on earth who struggle to live virtuously and overcome evil.
Lesson 6
Drinking from the cup and swallowing its contents symbolizes deciding to go through with an action and accepting its
consequences.
In the Agony in the Garden, Jesus could not get the thought of what was going to happen to him out of his mind. He, no doubt witnessed Roman crucifixions, so He knew exactly what was in store for Him.
The Father has poured the cup - meaning the plan has been made. Jesus has to drink the cup - go through the plan which includes his betrayal, suffering, and death.
Jesus prays for another way but is resolved to do what His Father asks of Him.
Lesson 7
The Sanhedrin were the priests of the Temple who made up the ruling council for the Jews. They were the spiritual leaders of their people.
Pontius Pilate was the Roman governor of Judea who may have been the son-in-law of Augustus Caesar himself.
He appears to be the first Roman to hold this post beginning in 26 B.C.
His objective was to keep the peace to that the precious grain shipments from Egypt were not disturbed.
Lesson 8
In John, Jesus carries the cross for Himself and Simon is not even mentioned.
There are no Gospels that tell us that Jesus fell on the way.
There are no Gospels that tell of a meeting between Jesus and Mary on the way.
There are no Gospels that tell of a woman named Veronica wiping the face of Jesus.
On Holy Saturday The Church teaches that Jesus descended into Hell in order to save the righteous who lived there.
The Gospels all agree on the following stations:
Jesus is condemned
Jesus is stripped of his clothes
Jesus is nailed to the cross
Jesus dies on the cross
Jesus is taken down from the cross
Jesus is buried
Unit 5
Lesson 1
The Church's Challenges
The Church is constantly being challenged about its stance on difficult issues
Abortion
Health Care
Homosexuality
The Church is suffering today because of scandals involving the sexual abuse of children by clergy members.
The Church is being viewed by some as too rigid and conservative.
Some General Points of Synthesis
Almost 99% of the mass of the human body is made up of six elements: oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, calcium, and
phosphorus. Only about 0.85% is composed of another five elements: potassium, sulfur, sodium, chlorine, and magnesium.
Varying according to relationship: In this relationship, to facilitate the study of the Paschal Mystery and Ecclesiology. For me specifically - Other functions include campus minister, husband, son, brother, cousin, friend
This is a huge philosophical and theological question Some will say there is no purpose. Others will say that I can define my own purpose. The Catholic response to this would be that I was created to know, love, and serve God
The Church is a community of persons from all walks of life that serves as a spouse of Christ, daughter of the Father, instrument of the Holy Spirit, mother to her faithful and sacrament of God’s presence that continues to build the Kingdom of God until the return of Jesus Christ
Lesson 2
How We Understand the Church
There are many ways you can go about answering this question. Perhaps you talked about the physical structures of the school and how they are arranged. Perhaps you talked about the different levels of being a student here. Middle School and High School College Prep Classes vs Honors vs AP. Perhaps you talked about the hierarchical structure of the administration and the faculty. All of these would be valid ways to define structure.
Structure is defined as the arrangement of and relations between the parts or elements of something complex. When we speak of the structure of the Church we can talk about how it is arranged geographically
The smallest geographic structure of the Church is called a Parish. This is a small administrative district centered around one church and is run by a priest or bishop who is known as a Bishop.
What is our Church’s Hierarchy and Why is it Important?
The next level is called an Opiscopal Conference. This is a group made up of the bishops of a larger geographic area who elect one of their own to be president of the conference.
The Archdiocese of Miami is geographically within the U.S. conference of Catholic Bishops. The current President is Archbishop Jose Gomez who also serves as the Archbishop of Los Angeles.
How does this apply to the Church?
• Several schools of thought:
• A school has no reason to exist without students
• A school cannot fulfill its purpose without teachers
• A school cannot logistically operate without support staff
• A school needs the leadership of a president or principal to achieve what is stated in its mission statement.
• None of these schools of thought are wrong in and of themselves
Some General Points of Synthesis
The Bishops essentially play the role of the apostles after Pentecost. Everyone in the Church looked to them for leadership and administration. They were considered the ones closest to Christ Himself in his absence.
Pastors and priests are local authority figures whose main function is the overseeing of the sacraments. The deacons assist the pastors and priests in the day-to-day functions of the parish and bring the needs of the parish community to the attention of the pastor.
• We can debate which of these are most important to the Church as well. None of the other offices would exist without the laity. The ordained and the religious would have no one to serve if there were no laity. The Church could not function as an institution without the bishops and priests. No one could receive the Eucharist without priests.Priests can’t become priests unless they are deacons first.
Lesson 3
How does the Foundation of the United States and
the Church Compare?
If someone asked you to describe how the United States came to be, what details would you include? The Mayflower - pilgrims journeying from their homeland seeking religious freedom in a new world. The establishment of the 13 colonies under the rule of England which eventually became unjust and unbearable. The 13 colonies eventually throw off the rule of England and unite into one nation. The descendants of the 13 colonies eventually divide into two and war against each other but then come back together into one nation again.
We are going to discuss the origins of the Church. If we wanted to establish where the Church came from we would need to establish when and with whom it started. Now notice that we didn’t do that with the United States. We didn’t start with George Washington and the founding fathers, because we know our story as a nation begins much before that. In the same way we don’t start talking about the Church with Jesus and the apostles, we have to go further back. Christians see many historical and theological parallels between the Church and the Nation of Israel.
When you bring that into account, we see many similarities with the founding and establishment of our nation and that of the Church. Pilgrims settling into a new land and spreading out.
• America - Mayflower story - Puritans persecuted in England go to the New World and spread.
• Israel - Abraham and his family leave their homeland to forge a relationship with God in Canaan, they grow and spread.
• The Church - Persecuted in Jerusalem and then spreads throughout the Roman Empire and beyond
Some General Points of Synthesis
There is so much more to say about the development of the Church, and we will go into greater depth over the next few units.
Lesson 4
An Outline of Acts
Jerusalem Ministry (focus on Peter)
• Selection of Deacons
• Martyrdom of Stephen
• Council of Jerusalem
• Expulsion from Jerusalem
• Gentile Ministry (focus on Paul)
• Saul’s Conversion
• James’ Ministry in Samaria
• Paul’s Journeys
Acts ends with Paul under arrest and traveling to Rome to have his case heard before the Emperor. Ascension, Pentecost
Some General Points of Synthesis
For the first three hundred years of the Church’s existence it was under direct persecution from the Jews, first, and then the Romans for the remainder.
Persecution of the Church would continue in the future when there were direct conflicts between the State and the Church, especially on the abuse of Church authority and the Church’s standard for morality.
The Ascension and Ties to the Resurrection
It seems clear that the Apostles are still a bit ignorant about God’s plan concerning Jesus. They ask Jesus if He is going to restore of the Kingdom of Israel, but Jesus didn’t come to do that, He came to begin the Kingdom of God.
Jesus tells them that the Holy Spirit is coming and they will be
his witness throughout the whole world.
Two men in white garments tell the apostles that Jesus will return in the same way He left. Remember in Luke’s account of the Resurrection, two men in dazzling garments greeted the women at the tomb. Same two guys?
Unit 4
Lesson 1-2
Jesus raises people from the dead and performs all of his miracles on his own authority because he’s God the Son.
The people raised from the dead by Jesus or the others resuscitated not resurrected
The life they were brought back to was no different than the life they were living before they died.
They were actually and really dead and were brought back to life.
All the people who are raised ended up dying eventually
Resurrection means that one comes back from the dead and exist in a different way than they did before.
Jesus will never die again Jesus his physical body will live through eternity.
The laws of nature no longer apply to Jesus as a person exist in the state above those laws
Lesson 4
The resurrection represents the birth of the Christian faith
The group begins as a movement within Judaism which would later be known as The Way
At this point all of the witnesses and believers in the resurrection are Jews.
In order for The Way to spread he needed a conduit, that conduit Will be the church which will be born on Pentecost.
Some of the gospel record accounts of Jesus appearing to the disciples after the resurrection
These appearances are the transition between the gospel and Pentecost
Lesson 5
Appearance to the seven disciples this contains a message that everyone can start over in their relationship with a relationship with Jesus and the reality of persecution and martyrdom.
The apostles the first ordained ministers lost faith but that faith was restored after encountering the resurrected Jesus.
Jesus asked peter to confirm his love for him three times to erase the three denials
Jesus predicts the martyrdom of Peter Who will be one of the millions to be killed for his part in the church.
A Casé for Christ
Lesson 2-3
Lessson 3
Jesus died
Early accounts
Empty Tomb
Eye witnesses
Some may argue that the paschal mystery is the most important event in human history