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Geography revision - Coggle Diagram
Geography revision
Map skills
Symbols
On a map, we use symbols instead of using text to show land features
Contour lines
The brown lines on a map are calledContour lines are used to show height on a map,
The numbers on the lines tell us the height in meters
Measuring direction
Direction is measure by using a compass, there are 3 types
Sometimes things need to be more precise. To be more precise when giving directions, an eight-point compass can be used. In addition to north, east, south and west, an eight-point compass includes north-east, south-east, north-west and south-west.
To be even more precise, we can use a sixteen-point compass. This includes north-north-east, east-north-east, east-south-east, south-south-east, south-south-west, west-south-west, west-north-west and north-north-west
The four main compass points are north, east, south and west. A compass showing only these four points is a simple four-point compass.
Definition of a map
A map is a drawing of a place as seen from above (from a bird's eye view). The Ordnance Survey (OS) is the national mapping agency for Great Britain.
Graphs
Bar graphs
Used to compare different categories
Scatter graphs
Used to show relationships between 2 things
Line graphs
Used to show continuous changes overtime
Chroropleth maps and GIS
Chroropleth maps
A choropleth map uses shades of the same colour to show the distribution of data.
Choropleth maps are a visual way to show differences between different areas and can be used at a variety of scales from global to local
GIS stands for Geographical information system it links geographical data with a map. GIS often links together digital maps, satellite images or aerial photographs, allowing the user to compare these different layers
GIS is useful when planning and conducting geographical enquiries. GIS can be used for selecting a location, planning a route or collecting secondary data. There are many sources of secondary data online in map form. For example, the Environment Agency provides flood risk maps and The Department for Levelling Up, Housing and Communities produces maps to show areas of poverty across the UK.
GIS is widely used by satellite navigation systems (satnav) and online maps to more specialised software such as ArcGis and Digimaps. GIS maps can be very simple or very complicated depending on how GIS is used.
Numeracy in Geography
Geographers use numbers - or data - all the time in every area of the subject. Some examples include using climate data when studying ecosystems, examining life expectancy when considering development or measuring river velocity during a geographical investigation. By studying this data, geographers are able to reach conclusions and interpret patterns and trends.
The mode is the most common value in a set of data. In the data set above, 3 appears twice whereas all the other numbers appear only once. Therefore, the mode in this dataset is 3.
The median is the middle figure in a data set. To work this out, the numbers are placed in numerical order and the central number or numbers identified. In the above example the median would be 3 as the numbers in order would be read 1, 2, 3, 3 4, 5.
The middle numbers here are both 3, meaning that the median is 3.
The mean is calculated by adding up all the values in a data set and dividing this total by the number of values. For example, the numbers in the data set above would be added up to make 18 which would then be divided by 6 to give a mean of 3.
