Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Unit 3: American Political Ideologies & Participation - Coggle Diagram
Unit 3: American Political Ideologies & Participation
political parties
political socialization
process in which people acquire their political views
influenced by:
family
90% of people adopt political views of their family
demographics
education level
race
location
job/income
religion
media
peers
most people vote within party lines
4 functions of political ideology
explanation
ideologies offer reasons for why social/political conditions are the way they are
evaluation
provide standards for evaluating social/political organizations
orientation
provide individuals with orientation towards issues and position within the world on them
political program
help people make political choices & guide extent of political actions
party eras
histrorical periods in which a majority of votes cling to the party in power
elections
types of voting
rational choice
vote based individual self interest
more common in legislative elctions, ballot propositions, and mid terms
retrospective voting
vote to re-elect officials based not here recent performance
more common in executive branch re-elections
prospective voting
vote based on how candidate/party will do in the future
more common in term limited executive positions
party line
only vote for candidates in your registered party
straight ticket voting
apron 32% oc each party does this
split ticket
splitting votes for different positions across different parties
types of elections
critical election
party in power replaced
new coalitions and issues emerge
primary
preliminary election to appoint delegates to a party conference or to select the candidates for a position especially presidential election
closed
voters must be registered with their party in advance and can only vote for candidates from hat aprty
open
voters decide on election day which party to participate in and then only vote for candidates from hat party
blanket
voters get a list of all candidates and can vote for one name for each office, regardless of a party label
non partisan
top vote getter wins the election regardless of party affiliation which is not stated on the ballot
any registered voter can participate
caucus
requires people to sow up and sinus as a group and cause a secret ballot (GOP) or physically stand by the candidates name (Dem)
polls
public opinion polls used to gage popularity of a candidate or issue with the poeople
straw poll
unsceintific survey used ti gage public opinion on a variety of issues and policies
scientific poll
surveying random sample of population in order to obtain statistically significant results fir ab upcoming vote/election
benchmark poll
1st poll taken in a campaign
tracking poll
continuous survey that enables a cmpaign or news organization to keep track of a candidates daily/weekly rise/ fall in support
exit poll
conducted as voterskeave selected polling locations on Election Day
push poll
use loaded/manipulative questions to sway the voters from one candidate to another
how polls are conducted
sample picked from population
population
entire group of people who's attitudes a researcher wishes to measure
stratified sampling
variation of random sampling
population divided into sub groups & weighted based on demographic characteristics or the natl population
random sampling
each person in the population has the same chance of being selected for polling
shortcomings of polling
margin of error
measurement of the accuracy of a public opinion within statistical parameters
sampling error
errors resulting from the size or quality of the research sample
interest groups
3 theories on interest group pformation
pluralist
articulated in fed #10
form groups about things we care about to amplify voices and issue awareness
factions
proactive
disturbance
reactive
groups form in response to issues that have become prevealnt
action -> reaction
transactional
people join groups becuase it directly benefits the individual member
if people can gain from policy changes without getting actively involved than they won't get involved
types
traditional
promote economic interests of members
non traditional protest
protest status od its members to convince gov to take action
single issue
hyperfoucsued on one goal/issue only
public interest
change policy for good of the public
ideological
convince gov to implement policies that are consistent with their religious/philosphical beliefs
governmental
convince fed gov to enact policy that benefits state/local gov
endorse candidates
raise money for campaigns
advertise for legislature and candidates