Overview of Curriculum, Approaches, and Methods, and Theoretical Approaches to Curriculum
Goal
Correct understanding language
1950: New types of language programs
- Immigration, globalization, internet era
CAUSES
The Emergence of Methods
The Influence of Latin
Gramar learning = Mental Gymnastic
Bilingualism or multilingualism is the norm
Seidenstücker & Plötz's textbooks
Mechanical Translation
The Grammar-Translation Method
Analysis of grammar rules
Reading and writing
Memorization of vocabulary
Translating lessons
Accuracy
Student´s native language used for instrucctions
Dominated Europa 1840 - 1940
Often tedious, rigorous method
Innovations in the nineteenth century
Demand for oral proficiency
C. Marcel (1973-1896)
Develop reading and other skills
IMPORTANCE TO:
Prendergast (1806-1896)
Observation child's context
Gouin (1831-1896)
Observation children´s use of language
A sequence of related actions
Popular at the schools
The Reform Movement
New approaches to language teaching
Linguistics was revitalized
Speech rather than written word
- Phonetic training
- Inductive approach of grmmar
- Associations with native language
Developing naturalistic principles
The Direct Method
Observation of child language learning
Gouin first reformers
F Franke, psychological principles
Spontaneous use of foreing language
Replace of textbooks
Systematic attention and pronunciation
Berlitz Method: Commercial language schools
Pronunciation and grammar are emphasized
Oral communication skills
Conversations skills
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The Methods Era
Teaching Procedures
Ways of teaching
Audiolingual Method
Situational method
Communicative approach
Natural Approach
Cooperative language Learning
CLIL
Since 1950
More recently
Approach and Method
Assumptions and beliefs about language
Cognitive Model
- Language reflects properties of mind
- Learning as abstract knowledge acquisition
Structural Model
System structurally for coding of meaning
Functional Model
Communicative competence
Genre Model
Refers ton an area of human activitie
Science, business, medicine, literature
Lexical Model
Prioritizies lexical chunks
Theory of Learning
Interactional Theory
Learning is an interactional process
Constructivism
Student centered
Learner involved in their own process
Jean Piaget, Dewey & Vygotsky
Sociocultural Learning Theory
Interaction between people = knowledge
Scaffolds
Relationship Between Language Theory and Learning Theory
Produced Audiolingualism
Cognitive-Code Proponents
Design
Objetives
The Syllabus
List of grammatical items and constructions
Types of Learning and teaching activities
Teacher = Facilitator
Instructional Materials = Improve examples of a task
Procedure
Actual moment, techniques, practices and behaviors
Enconpasses
The way of a method
Factors Responsible for the Rise and Fall of Method
Paradigm Shifts
Changes in the theories
Support Networks
Promoting a new teaching approach
Practicality
Method more simple to understand
Teacher's language proefiency
Assumes a native speaker level of the teacher
Used as the basis for published materials and test
Compatibility with local traditions
Opportunitie to close interpersonal relations
Characterized by: Frequent change, Teaching ideoligies, Innovation