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Mental Health - Coggle Diagram
Mental Health
WHOM & WHERE?
Gender
Socially constructed gender diffs interacting w/ biological diffs b/w sexes
- Expectations
- Social status & power
- Role & responsibilities
Contributing to diffs in:
- Nature of MH pbs suffered
- Health-seeking practices of those affected
- Responses from health systems & society
Differences in MH
Which sex has higher prevalence of:
- Overall mental disorders? = :female_sign: 3x
- Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) & depressive disorders? :female_sign:
- Substance-used related disorders & anti-social behavior? = :male_sign:
- Suicide attempts? = :female_sign: 2-4x
- Suicide? = :male_sign: 3-4x
--> Males have been found to have a disproportionately lower rate of suicide attempts and an excessively higher rate of suicides
Numbers
Reliable data - huge challenge
--> Must be wary of numbers
- Lack of consensus on def
--> Some “suicides” didn’t have the wish/intention to die
- Poor data collection
- Iding in hospitals or in comms
- No reliable surveillance systems
- Stigma, some people don't want to share / illegal in some places
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Ethnic minorities
Aboriginal commnities in Australia, Canada, & Greenland
--> Colonial legacies
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WHAT?
Def
- Mental (psychiatric) disorders
--> Purely bio
- Mental un-well being
--> Broader, beyond ind about SDHs (importance of poverty reduc)
Suicide VS Self-harm
- Suicide = the act of deliberately killing oneself
- Self-harm (SH) = non-fatal suicidal behavior
Complexities of SH
- Is it really due to trivial concerns?
- What is an "appropriate behavior"? = moderate, controlled & gendered
- Shifting gender roles (eg women become main bread winners by going abroad)
- A need for social & mental support
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- Suicide
- 700K deaths
- 17th leading cause of death
- Leading cause of death for 15-29yo (esp women)
- Leading cause in some countries in SEA
- 79% of GBD of suicide in LMICs (39% in SEA)
- 6 people affected per suicide
- 36% reduction (2000-2019)
--> Will probs not reach SDG 3.4.(Indicator 2.) reduce by 1/3 suicide mortality rate
:bow_and_arrow: SDG 3.4. Reduce by 1/3 premature mortality from NCDs through prevention and treatment, and promote mental health & well-being
- Self-harm
- Young people (esp. women) below 30 overrepresented in self-harm cases (x3 more likely)
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Well-being = composed of 6 core elements (which incl health)
- Emotional
2.Occupational
- Phy
- Social
- Intellectual
- Spiritual
=> Improving well-being = moral foundation for PH
Addressing "structural (social) injustices"
= greatest urgency should be to focus on grps who fare badly on multiple core elements
--> Must start w/ focus on systematic, interlocking patterns of disadvantages
MH plays critical role in interlocking systematic patterns of disadvantages
- "Internalized" adverse social contexts resulting in emotional, cog, & behavioral patterns sustaining adversity
- Complex systems warning = action w/out proper reflection of complexity risks harm
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Human wellbeing
- Health (incl MH)
- Perso secu (incl interperso violence)
- Knowledge & understanding
- Equal respect
- Perso attachments
- Self-determinantion
--> Overlapping background socio-econ conditions
Children wellbeing = must see MH as a continuum & id specific mental disorders
- Reaching dvlptl & emotional milestones
- Learning health social skills
- Learning how to cope with pbs (=resilience)
--> Mentally healthy children have a pos qual of life (funtion well at home, school & in their comms)
Manifestation of mental disorders in children
= serious changes in way children typically learn, behave, feel or handle emotions (causing distress & pbs
- Learning & dvlptl disabilities
- Conduct disorder
- Attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder
- Anxiety
- Depression
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