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DISEASE AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT - Coggle Diagram
DISEASE AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
Abdul Oman’s model of epidemiological transition
Describes the relationship between development and patterns of death
Age of pestilence and famine
pre-industrial
high mortality /low life expectancy
poor sanitation
Age of receding pandemics- large scale mortality is rare
medical advances
higher standard of living
sustained population growth
degenerative disease dominate
Post industrial society- rate of mortality slows
deaths related to infectious disease are eradicated
degenerative are main cause of death
Age of delayed degenerative disease- medical development delays onset of degenerative disease
obesity/diabetes/CVD becoming problematic
Non-Communicable disease
CVD and cancer dominate mortality in HIDCs because of ageing population
Overconsumption is now a global problem by since 1997 2 obese people for every underweight person in Brazil
70% of cancer deaths are LIDCs and EDCs
Incidence is expected to double by 2030
But once standardised by age incidence is higher in HIDCs
Communicable disease
Water, animal and food borne diseases in LIDCs dominate mortality
Cholera Typhoid and TB most prevelant
Inadequate healthcare, nutrition and living conditions make it difficult to tackle disease
Undernutrition and malnutrition are widespread in LIDCs despite global increase in food intake
Undernutrition- not enough food
Malnutrition- not enough of a particular food group
Air Pollution in India
How does air pollution cause disease
Particulates of sulphur dioxide, carbond monoxide and nitrous oxide
Cause respiratory problems like lung cancer and carbon monoxide poisoning
Kills 7 million people a year
From vehicles, exhausts, burning, tobacco smoke, carried by wind
Risks of air pollution in India
New Dheli is non coastal, densely populated and heavily polluted with very little green space
Risk of lung cancer in Dheli has increase 70% with 1 in 5 cases being non-smokers
Pollution has reduced the life expectancy of 660 million Indians by 3+ years
99% of Indian population (1.3 billion) breathe above safe levels
12/15 of most polluted cities are Indian
Low income affected the worst
National and Global solutions
National state governments in denial- economic growth is a priority
And not legally binding- no punishment for disregard
National clean air programme 2019 aims for 20-30% decrease in PM2.5 concentration from 2017-2024
Increase air quality monitoring stations
14 cities are building metro stations
Restrictions on burning stubble
WHO guidelines- safe pm2.5 levels is 10mg/m3
EU has allocated $1.8bill to member states to support air quality measures. EU also has largest carbon cap and trade scheme