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History Evaluating the impact of conquest and colonisation. - Coggle…
History
Evaluating the impact of conquest and colonisation.
Causes of the Age of Exploration
New trade routes
Wealth for countries
Developments in ships and navigation
Wealth and fame for explorers
Marco Polo
Religion
Influence on the Renaissance
New technology in ships and navigation
Direction - Compass
Latitude - Measured with quadrant, astrolabe and cross-staff
Speed - Log and line, measured in knots
Ships - Caravels, carracks (nao), carvel-built
Sails - Lateen (Used against the wind)
-Square (Used to sail faster with the wind falling behind.)
Steering (Rudder)
Time (Sand-glass/hourglass)
Maps - Portolan Charts
Portuguese explorations:
Prince Henry the Navigator:
-3rd son of the King of Portugal
-Portuguese explored along the coast of Africa
-Hoped to find the riches of Asia and the Spice Islands
Bartholomew Diaz:
-Rounded the Cape of Good Hope in the southern tip of Africa (1489)
Vasco da Gama:
-Sailed as far as India (1498)
Pedro Cabral reached the coast of Brazil.
Christopher Columbus:
Spain was inspired by Portugal and their explorations. Columbus was born in Genoa, Italy. He got help from King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain. Columbus sailed with three ships westwards because he knew the world was round and he wanted to prove it by reaching Asia and the Spice Islands from this side.
Instead, he ended up discovering islands off a new continent, the Americas which became known as the New World in 1492. Columbus was also followed by conquistadors such as Hernan Cortes and Francisco Pizarro and they explored the mainland.
Cortes conquered the Aztecs (Mexico) and Pizarro conquered the Incas (Peru).
Treaty of Tordesillas (1494):
This was to help prevent war between Spain and Portugal. This was a line from the north to the south. Spain owned the west and Portugal owned the east.
Cortes:
Conquered the Aztecs. He got help from other native tribes who were conquered by the Aztecs. They didn't like the heavy taxes and slavery. He then destroyed their city and the Aztecs were forced to work as slaves in mines or in the fields. Soon, the Spaniards brought cattle, plants, ploughs and hundreds of priests to establish a colony in the Aztec lands, and renamed them New Spain
Pizarro:
Conquered the Incas. Captured and killed the Inca emperor and then captured the capital, Cuzco, in the Andes Mountains. Pizarro was killed by his own soldiers.
The Spaniards later discovered gold and silver mines.Spain then became very wealthy. There were Spanish ships, sailing between the New World and Spain, were attacked by English ships which eventually led to war between the two countries. They also conquered the south-west of North America. Some of the places still bear Spanish names.
Plantations:
West Indian plantations held more slaves on average, with many having over 150 slaves. The death rate was high and the birth rate was low.
Impact on Spain:
Made Spain the richest country in Europe by the end of the 15th century with a huge empire.
It controlled a huge new empire which was available for settlement, development and exploitation.
Impact on Portugal:
Portugal also prospered from its empire. Many fine buildings were erected in the country. Thousands of Portuguese were attracted to settle in Brazil, and Portuguese emigration to Brazil continued until a few