Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC LIBERALISM - Coggle Diagram
POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC LIBERALISM
CRITICISM OF THE OLD REGIME
liberals criticised different aspects.
survival of a feudal economy
great commercial and market growth
liberals criticised obstacles to development
established by the authorities during emergencies like poor harvests.
guilds
goods
trade restrictions
price controls
power of absolute monarchs and the Church
limited
individual rights
freedom of expression
Monarchs and clerics censored
development of new ideas.
criticism
legal inequality of the estate system
absence of equality between all people before the law
Society was divided
privileged social groups
clerics
nobles
rest of the population( commoners or third estate)
peasants
artisans
shopkeepers
merchants
professionals
survival of manorialism in the fiefdoms of the nobility and the Church
situation was not the same everywhere
inhabitants of fiefdoms work for their lords pay taxes and be subject to their laws.
IDEAS OF ECONOMIC LIBERALISM
influenced the field of economics
advocated individual property
greater freedom to trade
Adam Smith (1723–1790)
theory called economic liberalism
defended the freedom of the individual to produce
buy within a free market
own private property
The Wealth of Nations (1776)
state should not intervene as the law of supply and demand
IDEAS OF POLITICAL LIBERALISM
group of ideas formed around political liberalism
The division of powers
Montesquieu’s theorie
liberals say power had to be moderated by individual rights and by division into three powers
the judicial
hands of the courts
the legislative
exercised by parliament
the executive
exercised by the government
separation between the Church and the state to prevent religious interference in civil society
Sovereignty resides in the nation.
parliamentary political tradition
teachings of Rousseau
proposed a representative political power
Equality of people before the law
abolition of all privileges, fiefdoms, manorialism and the whole estate system
The existence of unalienable individual rights
rights cannot be taken away
work of John Locke
human beings naturally possessed the right to life
implied the establishment of freedoms