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Substance-related, addictive, and impulse control disorders. - Coggle…

- - - - Stimulates cns
        
        Enhances release of norepinephrine and dopamine
  - - - Psychological and physiological effects
        
        Cns depressant
        
        Reduce physiological arousal
        
        Target gaba, increases inhibitory effects
      - Long term use
        
        Dementia
        
        Wernicke Korsakoff disorder
  - - - Breathed into lungs- rapid absorption
      - E.g. gasoline , spray paint
    - - Long term mood disturbances
      - Used to increase body mass
    - - Originally to target disease, used recreationally
      - Ketamine, molly
  - - - Intention to stop but cannot
      - Role disruption
      - Excessive time acquiring/recovering
      - Interpersonal problems
      - Cravings and urges
      - Withdrawals
      - Tolerance
      - Use despite physical/psychological harm
- - - - Drugs that counteract / block positive effects
      - Naltrexone for alcohol/opiate abuse
      - Substitution
        
        Methadone/nicotine patch
    - - Makes substances really unpleasant
        
        Silver nitrate
    - - Helps withdrawals/ not as effective alone
  - - - Little effectiveness
    - - Controlled use vs complete abstinence
    - - Psychotherapy
      - Contingency management)
    - - Community reinforcement
      - Individual and group therapy
      - Contingency management
      - Aversion therapy/ covert sensitiisation
      - Relapse prevention
    - - Enforcement of anti drugs laws
  - - - Learn habits making relapse less likely
        
        Indentify risk situations
        
        Identify negative consequences
        
        Increase motivation to change
        
        Address distorted cognitions
- - - - Drugs easy to alleviate feelings