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Lipid & its metabolism - Coggle Diagram
Lipid & its metabolism
Lipid biosynthesis
Saturated fatty acid
P1: activation
(from 2 Ace-CoA)
Products:
Malo-CoA & Ace-CoA
P2: Biosynthesis
(4 steps)
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Product:
new Acyl-CoA (added 2C)
Cycle repeated
Triacylglycerol & Glycerolphospholipid
From G3P
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2 steps
Phosphatidic acid
2 steps to triacylglycerol
1 step to other glycerolphospholipids
Overview
Definition
Hydrophobic, non-polar biological molecules
Roles
Storage & fuel
Energy saving account
When oxidized: 1g lipid ~
9.2kcal
Building block
Màng tế bào, bào quan
Bảo vệ
Điều hòa
Steroid
Dung môi
Hòa tan vitamin A, D, E, K
Cung cấp nước
Nguồn nước nội sinh tế bào khi bị oxi hóa
Thermal insulator
Classification
(structure & function)
Fatty-acid lipids
Hydrocarbon lipids
:
Fatty acid
Đơn vị cấu tạo cơ bản của lipid
Non polar hydrocarbon tail
Polar carboxyl head
Saturated (even C, unbranched)
Unsaturated (often cis)
Simple lipid
Triacylglycerol
Majority in living systems
Advantages over polysaccharides
More energy-packed
Carries less water
Ester of fatty acid and glycerol
Fats (solid) & oil (liquid)
Wax
Ester of long-chain fatty acid & long-chain alcohol
Outside protective structure, waterproof coating
Complex
Sphingolipid
Sphingosine (amino alcohol)
creates
amide
linkage with fatty acid
Head groups:
Glycosidic
Glycosphingolipid
Phosphodiester
Phospholipid
OH-C3 of glycerol is esterised by phosphoric acid
Head groups
- ester linkages with phosphate
OH-C2 & OH-C1 - ester linkages with fatty acids
Lipoprotein
Structure:
Lipids & proteins
Role:
Transport water-insoluble lipids
Include
Chylomicrons
LDLs:
bad
HDLs:
good
In cell membrane
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Compound lipids
Non-fatty acid lipids
Steroid
Cholesterol:
precursor to many other steroids
Fused ring structure (4 rings)
Also a simple lipid, but dont have fatty acid in its structure
Component of phospholipid membrane bilayer
Vitamins, pigments
Chuyển hóa bước đầu
1. Emulsification
Chất tạo nhũ: protein & muối mật
Tạo thành hạt micelle (hòa tan giả)
2. Hydrolysis
Lipase (for triglyceride) & phospholipase (for phospholipid)
Products: glycerol &
fatty acid
Chuyển hóa trung gian
Glycerol oxidation
Glycerol
3 steps
G3P
Krebs cycle
Fatty acid oxidation
P1: Fatty acid activation
(
Final: Acyl-CoA
)
P2: Transport to mitochondria
(via Carnitine Transferase)
P3: Beta-Oxidation of fatty acid
(in mitochondria)
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Even, saturated C
(4 steps)
ATP generation
Acetyl-CoA: n/2 (12ATP)
ATP: [5(n/2 - 1) + 12(n/2)] - 2
NAD & FAD: n/2 -1 (5ATP)
Cycles: n/2 - 1.
Product 1:
Acetyl-CoA
Product 2:
New Acyl-CoA (shortened by 2C)
Cycles repeated
Odd C
Propionyl-CoA
2 steps
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Succinyl-CoA
1 more item...
Unsaturated C
Isomerisation to trans
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In cytoplasm