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Data storage - Coggle Diagram
Data storage
Numbers
Conversion
Denary to binary
Draw a table where the top numbers are all powers of 2 starting from 1 at the far right. See if the current number at the top of the table (e.g 128) fits into the denary value, starting from the far left. If it does, subtract that from the value and put a 1 and then move onto the next number
Denary to hex
Convert to binary then split into 2 nibbles and find what hex digit each nibble equates to
Divide by 16 and the result truncated to no decimal points converted to a hex digit is the first digit. Then the remainder is the second digit
Hex to denary
Convert the first digit into denary and multiply by 16 and then convert the second digit into denary and add it onto the result from the second digit
Binary to hex
Split the number into 2 nibbles and convert each of the nibbles to denary and then see what hex number they are
Binary addition
Rules
1+1=10
1+0=1
0+0=0
1+1+1=11
Overflow
Overflow occurs when the binary result is over 8 bits long
Hex: 0=0, 1=1, 2=2, 3=3, 4=4, 5=5, 6=6, 7=7, 8=8, 9=9, 10=A, 11=B, 12=C, 13=D, 14=E, 15=F
Images
Every pixel is a square with an individual colour represented by a binary number. A bitmap image is represented by lots of pixels
Resolution is how many pixels there are (higher resolution means higher image quality but also higher file size)
Colour depth is how many different possible colours there are (higher colour depth means higher image quality but also higher file size)
Sound
The amplitude of a sound wave is recorded and stored at regular intervals
How often this is is called the sample rate and is measured in Hz
Bit depth is how many bits are used to store each sample
Duration is how long the audio file is
Characters
Every character has a certain binary code
Character sets
Different character sets have different codes to represent different characters
In some character sets, more data is used to store the same character
Some character sets have more characters
There are 2 main character sets: ASCII with 128 different characters and Unicode with 149,186 different characters