Temperate Forest
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Weather and Climate
Types of Temperate forest
Location
Located at the eastern North America, northeastern Asia also central and western Europe.
Coniferous
Mixed Forest
Deciduous
Rain Forest
Location
located in Europe, East Asia, North America, and some parts of South America.
Found predominantly in areas with warm summers and cool winters (moderate climates)
Canopy
Fauna
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Threats
Soil type
Rich soil: high organic material, dark and damp soil, fertile and acidic soil.
Deciduous
Rainforest
Coniferous
Alfisols
Andisols
4 Seasons:
Spring
Fall
Winter
Summer
Temperature
Temperature ranges from hot in summer with high of 86°F to extremely cold during winter -22°F
At the mid-latitudes (between 23.5 to 66° N and S)
Cover approximately 20% of the available land area.
Characterized by distinct seasonal climate cycles.
Human intervention
Climate change
Deforestation
Poor land management
Agriculture
invasive species.
pollution and the introduction of pest, also diseases which is damaging to the forest
history of human activities and natural causes
Known as a broad-leaf forest because the trees have wide and flat leaves
affect the ecosystem, food chains and soil conditions
causes natural disasters (ex. flood, drought, wildfire )
The deciduous trees will drop their leaves in the fall during the state of dormancy
the over use of pesticides, fertilizers, toxic farm chemicals and also might be the leading cause of deforestation due to the harvesting of crops to feed the animals
Temperature of the forest ranging from -30°C to 30°C
Wettest among all the types, and are found only in very wet coastal areas where the trees are all evergreen
Average annual rainfall is 30 to 60 inches with added precipitation falling in the form of snow
habitat destruction and loss of biodiversity of the forest for development
Leaves typically is hardier, longer-lived and require more energy to grow
Mostly consists of needle-leaved evergreen trees such as pine and fir
Northern California to Southern Alaska, some state in Australia & New Zealand
Where conifers and broadleaf trees grow in the same area
Main trees found in North America and Eurasia is oak, fir, pine, beech maple, elm.
Temperature
consists of 5 layers (forest floor, shrub layer, understory, canopy, emergent)
Precipitation
Receive abundant of precipitation (20 to 60 inches) anually from snow and rainfall
Tropical rainforest and temperate forest were proven reached same height (25 meters) (Griggs, 2012)
Spodosols
soil receiving lights in temperate rainforest is higher than tropical rainforest (Amruta, 2022)
soil dominated by sand
soil with clay enriched B horizon
Soil formed deposit of volcanic ash
different species of trees need different amount of light (Peltier, 2014)
Flora
shade of the canopy make it harder for the seedlings to survive as they does not receive enough amount of light (Peltier, 2014)
References
mainly consists of broadleaf trees (Klappenbach, 2020)
average of the covered area:
temperate rainforest < tropical rainforest
Oak Tree
Maple Tree
Giant sequioa
Rhododendron
Snow plant
White trillium
Woodpecker
Anatomy of the Temperate Forest. (n.d.-a). Retrieved from https://askabiologist.asu.edu/anatomy-temperate-forest
Amruta, P. (2022, September 14). Temperate rainforests - environment notes - PREPP. Temperate Rainforests - Environment Notes. Retrieved November 1, 2022, from https://prepp.in/news/e-492-temperate-rainforests-environment-notes
Background. (n.d.). Soils and Biomes. Retrieved November 1, 2022, from https://serc.carleton.edu/kskl_educator/soil_biomes/chap_7_bkgnd.html
Bock, R. (2019, December 4). Deciduous Forest. ArcGIS StoryMaps. https://storymaps.arcgis.com/stories/36395ef0c8b14d5cb7b3fa4ae5084307
Drew Peltier. (2014, July 21). Anatomy of the Temperate Forest. ASU - Ask A Biologist. Retrieved October 28, 2022 from https://askabiologist.asu.edu/anatomy-temperate-forest
Griggs, M. B. (2012, January 5). Map reveals height of the world's forests. Retrieved November 1, 2022, from https://www.earthmagazine.org/article/map-reveals-height-worlds-forests/
Hurt, A. (2021, September 7). Temperate Forest Habitat. Nature. https://kids.nationalgeographic.com/nature/habitats/article/temperate-forest
Klappenbach, Laura. (2020, August 25). Temperate Forests. Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/overview-of-temperate-forests-130170
Woodpecker crow
Map reveals height of the world’s forests. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.earthmagazine.org/article/map-reveals-height-worlds-forests/
Grizzly bear
Monson, R. K. (2014). Ecology of Temperate Forests. SpringerLink. https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007/978-1-4614-7501-9_5?error=cookies_not_supported&code=a67c4c44-6914-43b9-bfe5-cc094faa394b
Gypsy moth
White-tailed deer
Plants of the temperate forest. (n.d.). Eniscuola. Retrieved November 1, 2022, from https://www.eniscuola.net/en/argomento/temperate-forest/temperate-forest-biome/plants-of-the-temperate-forest/
Smith, J. M. B. (2020, November 4). temperate forest | Plants, Animals, & Facts. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/science/temperate-forest
Temperate Deciduous Forests - NatureWorks. (n.d.). Retrieved November 1, 2022, from https://nhpbs.org/natureworks/nwep8c.htm
temperate rainforest | botany. (n.d.). Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved November 1, 2022, from https://www.britannica.com/science/temperate-rainforest
Wikipedia contributors. (2022, October 15). Temperate forest. Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperate_forest
freeze ( wet season), up to 80 degree (dry season)
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