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EVOLUTIONS, GENES, ENVIRONMENT and BEHAVIOR - Coggle Diagram
EVOLUTIONS, GENES, ENVIRONMENT and BEHAVIOR
Natural selection
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based upon biological variation, high reproduction and mortality rates, and compewtition over limited resources
genetic mutation is necessary if biological variation is to exceed the sum of a trait found in the parental stock of a population
Mendelian genetics
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Since Mendel, sciojentists have uncovered many of the detaisl of the molecualr and biochemical processes underlying genetic inheritance. We now know that genes are segments of deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA, that encode for particualr proteins
Som inherited traits are monogenic (based upon the intefluence of one gene). However, complex traits such as intelligence and personality are most probably polyugenic. However, all gentically influenced traits interact with environmental influences
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Behavioral genetics
Since learning always occur within environments, it is important to distinguish between different kinds of environments, of between shared and unshared environmentla influences
Adoption and twin studies are the major methods used to disentangle hewreditary and environmental factors. Espewcially useful is the study of identical and fraternal twins who were separated early in life and raised in different ewnvironments.
Intelligence has a strong genetic basis, with heretability coefficients in the 50 to 70 range. Shared family environment is also ikportant (partoicularly at lower socioeconomics) , as are educational experiences
Personality also has a genetic contribution, though not as strong as that for inteligence. IN contrast to inteligence, shared family environment sees to have no ipact on the development of personality traits, Unshared individual experiences are far more important
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