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Genetics 5: cell division - Coggle Diagram
Genetics 5: cell division
cell cycle
series of events takes place in the cell involving
cell division
meiosis ---> germ cells
4 cells= 23 s
haploid
mitosis ----> somatic cells
2 cells = 46 S
diploid
phases: karyokinesis + cytokinesis
cell growth
result: the production of 2 cell daughters
main events: interphase & cell division
Interphase
long period event of the cell cycle ---> period () 2 successive cell divisions
G1
growth of the daughters cells ---> mature organelles
46 S chrom
the gap () the end of the mitotic division & the beginning of the S stage
S stage
the stage of S chrom replication
DNA replication
92 S chrom
G2
the gap () the end of the S stage & the beginning of the mitotic division
duplication of centriole ---> 4
pairing of S chrom
forming 46 D chrom
Mitosis division
Metaphase
highly condensed chrom----> krayotyping
formation of the chromosomal spindle
the chrom are arranged in the cell equator
Anaphase
splitting of the sister chrom of the D chrom at the centromere
separation of the 2 sets to the opposite pole sides of the cell
prophase
early
many organelles --> disassemble
mitotic spindle formation: continues microtubules arises () the pair of centriole (MTOC) & grow gradually to form
eccentric spindle
elongation
later
nuclear envelope disappear
nucleolus disappear
the spindle becomes centric
the chrom lies in the intratubular spaces and form the appearances of kinetochores
more condensed
Telophase
formation of the nuclear envelop & the nucleolus
cytokinesis
contractile ring
cleavage furrow
the chrom are less tightly
meiosis
2nd ---> similar as the mitotic division ----> 4 haploid cells
1st
prophase
leptotene = thin threads (ribbons)
zygotene = (paired ribbons) D chrom pairs with formation of synaotonemal complex ----> bivalents
pachytene
condensation
crossing over
diplotene
more condensation ---> treads
chrom are separated except the chiasmata
diakinesis ---> nuclear envelop disappear + formation of the spindle
metaphase ---> 23 bivalent arranged to the cell equator
anaphase---> the separation happens & each 23 d migrate to the cell poles
telophase---> forming to 2 daughter cells = 23d
Categories of specialized cells
C2---> skeletal muscle + intestinal cells
C3---> smooth muscle + liver
C 1---> cardiac + nerve cells