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SPAIN: THE END OF ABSOLUTISM - Coggle Diagram
SPAIN: THE END OF ABSOLUTISM
from carlos IV of bourbon to Jose l Bonaparte
Carlos IV’s reign began in 1788
Louis XVI of France, Carlos IV’s cousin, was imprisoned and put on trial
Spain therefore sent troops to help him fight the National Convention, but had little success.
Napoleon came to power (1799)
Spain’s new prime minister, Godoy, returned to the policy of alliances with France
Godoy and Napoleon signed the Treaty of Fontainebleau
allowing French troops to cross Spain to attack Portugal, an ally of England.
napoleons plan was not only to cross Spain to reach Portugal, but for his troops to occupy Spain occupation began in early 1808.
He summoned the Spanish royal family to Bayonne, France
King Fernando VII return the Crown to his father, he then gave it to Napoleon, who appointed his brother José as monarch of Spain
José I did not have the support of the Spanish people
Fernando, was a personal enemy of Godoy’s and did not agree with this policy
Revolt of Aranjuez (1808)
fernando fought against his own father, demanding that he abdicated
Godoy almost lost his life in the uprising and was forced to resign
Carlos IV had to abdicate in favour of his son.
Spanish fleet joined forces with the French fleet to implement the Continental Blockade on Great Britain
British defeated both fleets at the naval Battle of Trafalgar (1805)
The peninsular war
uprising soon spread from Madrid to the rest of the country
Juntas de defensa were formed in different kingdoms and provinces to organise the Peninsular War against France
The Junta Central was forced to ally spain with its traditional enemy, Great Britain,
great bitain sent troops to the Peninsula
cities like Zaragoza, Girona and Vitoria-Gasteiz were some of the most dramatic events of the Peninsular War.
The Spanish army’s first defeats led to the people forming guerrillas
In 1814, after six years of extreme violence, pillaging and destruction, the French army withdrew from Spain.
From the constitution to the return to absolutism
In 1812,the middle of the war
the Junta Central met in Sevilla and decided to hold elections to bring together the people’s representatives at the first Parliament and write a constitution
The only place not under French control was the city of Cádiz
the elected deputies, influenced by liberal ideas, met in Cádiz and approved the Constitution.
The constitution of 1812
thee monarchy and the Catholic religion as the official and only permitted religion
the liberal principles behind the end of the Old Regime were also confirmed
Separation of powers
Legislative power consisted of a single chamber
Parliament, that drafted laws with the king
the judicial power consisted of the courts
Sovereignty was in the hands of the nation
nation therefore established the fundamental laws.
universal manhood suffrage
Fernando VII returned to Spain in 1814
received a warm welcome because he was seen as a symbol of the nation’s restored freedom
the king was still a supporter of absolutism and decided to suppress the Constitution of 1812
The army supported him and the liberals were persecuted and exiled
