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THE RESTORATION OF ABSOLUTISM - Coggle Diagram
THE RESTORATION OF ABSOLUTISM
the congress of vienna
After Napoleon’s defeat in 1814
the victorious countries met at the Congress of Vienna
the powers that led and conditioned the Congress were the great absolute monarchies of Prussia, Russia and Austria, as well as Great Britain, a parliamentary monarchy and representative from France.
Objectives
To create an alliance
the Holy Alliance, formed by the great European absolute monarchies, Prussia, Russia and Austria
France joined later, Great Britain did not join this alliance
powers would decide whether or not to intervene in places where liberal changes were taking place
Six of these congresses were held.
To restore the boundaries on the map of Europe
it had changed dramatically during the Napoleonic era
To restore absolutism
kings were the only ones with legitimacy to govern
old dynasties were restored in several European countries.
In France, the Bourbon monarchy was reinstated under Louis XVI’s brother, Louis XVIII
The new map of europe
Congress of Vienna agreed to maintain a territorial balance between the great powers
They considered the rights of the ruling dynasties and the interests of the great powers, but ignored the opinion of people living in the affected territories
They redrew the borders as they were before the French Revolution
consequences
France’s pre-Revolution borders were restored
Norway was ceded to Sweden to punish Denmark for its support of Napoleon
two new kindoms
to control France’s expansion to the east
Netherlands
formed by the former United Provinces and the Catholic Netherlands, ceded by Austria
Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia
northwest Italy, addition of Nice and Savoy.
Italian territory remained divided
The Holy Empire was replaced by the German Confederation
Some of the former states of the Holy Empire became part of Austria and Prussia.
had little real power and was made up of several states
Eastern Europe was divided between Austria, Russia and Prussia.
This led to the partition of Poland.
The limis of restoration
the powers that defeated Napoleon tried to restore the situation to how it was before the French Revolution
After a few years, this was not achived, a new scenario marked by liberal ideas had strengthened after 1789.
France’s revolutionary experience represented a point of no return
Napoleon’s successes throughout Europe helped spread liberal ideals
such as equality before the law among subjects of absolute monarchies
Napoleon’s occupation of large territories awakened the national identity of people living in empires and composite monarchies
clearest example of the new situation was seen in France itself
Napoleon’s Civil Code survived
the most important thing for the architects of the Restoration was maintaining order and keeping their thrones, rather than returning to the past.
