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07 SPAIN: THE END OF ABSOLUTISM, Garazi García Antruejo - Coggle Diagram
07 SPAIN: THE END OF ABSOLUTISM
FROM CARLOS IV OF BOURBON TO JOSÉ I BONAPARTE
Carlos IV got to the throne one year before French revolution
Louis XVI was imprisoned and put on trial
Carlos tried to help his cousin
not effective
When Napoleon came to power, Spain's prime minister, Godoy did alliances
their fleets joined forces to block Great Britain
they were defeated in the battle of Trafalgar
Treaty of Fontainebleau
allowed France to cross Spain to attack Portugal
Napoleon took advantage of the treaty and occupied Spain
sent the king to Bayonne
appointed his brother José I as king
didn't have the support of Spain
2 May 1808, the people of Madrid rebelled
Fernando (Carlos IV's son) didn't like Godoy
he wanted to heir the throne
upraised the Revolt of Aranjuez
against his father
Carlos IV had to abdicate in favour of his son
Godoy forced to resign
THE PENINSULAR WAR
uprising spread from Madrid to the rest of the country
Juntas de defensa were formed
organized the peninsular war
French army was very powerful
so, they made alliances with Great Britain
Sieges happened in Zaragoza, Girona, Vitoria-Gasteiz
After Spanish first defeats
formed Guerrillas
small groups without military tatics
Finally, after 6 years, France was defeated
surprise attacks
FROM THE CONSTITUTION TO THE RETURN TO ABSOLUTISM
In 1812 Junta Central met in Sevilla
decided to
write a constitution
hold elections
The only place without French control
Cádiz
On 19 March 1812 met there and approved the Constitution
first in Spanish History
Called "La Pepa"
Constitution of 1812
two traditional elements
the monarchy and the Catholic religion
principles
Sovereignty in the hands of the nation
Separation of powers
legislative
Parliament
executive
King
judicial
courts
universal manhood suffrage
Cortes de Cádiz
approved some laws to modernise Spain
Laws
abolition of lordships
suppression of the Inquisition
recognition of freedom of expression and the press
Fernando VII
returned to Spain in 1814
was well received
the king was still supporter of absolutism
decided to suppress the Constitution
army supported
liberals persecuted
Garazi García Antruejo