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SPAIN: THE END OF ABSOLUTISM - Coggle Diagram
SPAIN: THE END OF ABSOLUTISM
FROM CARLOS IV OF BOURBON TO JOSÉ I BONAPARTE
Carlos IV’s reign
began in 1788
before the start of the French Revolution
Louis XVI of France
imprisoned and put on trial
Spain therefore sent troops to help him
National Convention
little success
Napoleon came to power (1799)
Godoy
returned to the policy of alliances with France
Family Compacts
Spanish fleet
joined forces with the French
implement the Continental Blockade on Great Britain
British defeated both fleets
Battle of Trafalgar
Two years later
signed the Treaty of Fontainebleau
allowing French troops to cross Spain to attack Portuga
his plan was to occupy Spain also
Fernando personal enemy of Godoy
not agree with this policy
Revolt of Aranjuez (1808
against his own father
demanding that he abdicated
Godoy almost lost his life
forced to resign
THE PENINSULAR WAR
uprising soon spread to the rest of the country
Juntas de defensa were formed in different kingdoms
to organise the Peninsular War against France
Junta Central took over the government
French army was very powerful
invincible in Europe until then
Junta Central forced to ally with its traditional enemy
Great Britain
sent troops to the Peninsula
Confrontations followed
precarious French dominance of the territory
The Spanish army’s first defeats
people forming guerrillas
armed groups that made surprise attacks on the French army
key role in the victory
after six years of extreme violence
French army withdrew from Spain
FROM THE CONSTITUTION TO THE RETURN TO ABSOLUTISM
In 1812
Junta Central met in Sevilla
decided to hold elections
bring together the people’s representatives at the first Parliament
write a constitution
Cádiz
only place not under French
19 March 1812
approved the Constitution
first in the history of Spain
Two traditional elements
the monarchy
Catholic religion as the official and only permitted religion
liberal principles behind the end of the Old Regime
CONSTITUTION OF 1812
Sovereignty was in the hands of the nation
established the fundamental laws
Separation of powers
single chamber
the Parliament
Right to universal manhood suffrage
The Cortes de Cádiz also approved a series of laws
to modernise Spain
abolition of lordships
the suppression of the Inquisition
the recognition of freedom of expression and of the press