Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
chapter 29 - Coggle Diagram
chapter 29
29.2 How does energy flow through ecosystems
Producers: a photosynthetic organism; an autotroph
Autotroph: a photosynthetic organism; a producer.
consumer: an organism that eats other organisms; a heterotroph.
secondary consumer: an organism that feeds on primary consumers; a type of carnivore.
trophic level: the categories of organisms in a community, and the position of an organism in a food chain, defined by the organism’s source of energy; includes producers, primary consumers, secondary consumers, and so on.
primary consumer: an organism that feeds on producers; an herbivore.
herbivore: literally, “plant-eater”; an organism that feeds directly and exclusively on producers; a primary consumer.
carnivore: a predatory organism that feeds on herbivores or on other carnivores; a secondary (or higher) consumer.
tertiary consumer: a carnivore that feeds on other carnivores (secondary consumers).
net primary production: the energy stored in the autotrophs of an ecosystem over a given time period.
biomass: the total weight of all living material within a defined area.
29.3 How do Nutrients cycle withing and among Ecosystems
Reservoir: the nutrients keep cycling so they accumulate in one portion of the cycle and remain there from a long time.
Nutrient Cycles: Pathways that nutrients take as they move from nonliving enviroment through living communities and then back to the enviroment
Water Cycle: pathway by which water travels from its major reservoir-the oceans-through the atmosphere, to smaler reservoirs in freshwater lakes,rivers and groundwater and then back again to oceans.
Aquifers: Some water seeps down through the soil to underground reservoirs
Carbon Cycle: carbon moves from reservoirs in the atmosphere and oceans through producers, consumers, detrivores and decomposers
Fossil Fuels: which include coal, oil, and natural gas, are also long term reservoirs for carbon
Nitrogen Cycle: nitrogen moves from its primary reservoir in the atmosphere to much smaller reservoirs of ammonia and nitrate in soil and water, through composers, detrivores and decomposers and back to its reservoirs
Denitrifying Bacteria: The completion of the nitrogen cycle this is residents of wet soil, swamps and estuaries that break down nitrate, releasing nitrogen gas back into the atmosphere
29.1 energy flow and nutrients
An ecosystem consists of all the communities in a defined area, along with their nonliving environment
biotic and abiotic things make up the environment
Nutrients are atoms and molecules that organisms obtain from their environment.
29.4 human disruption of nutrient cycles
types of interference
fertilizers with nitrogen and phosphorus affect the water quality of an ecosystem
resiudes of industries such as sulfur and nitrogen affect the air quality
acid deposition is basically acid rain
acid rain is damaging to all the environments and ecosystems
interference in the carbon cycle is the main cause of climate change
carbon cycle
light is reflected by snow or ice
some of the light is converted into heat
heat goes up into the atmosphere
heat goes back into space
1 more item...
human activity is releasing greenhouse gases and speeding up the process of climate change
climate change will cause...
will alter weather patterns and increase natural disasters
will endanger species and ecosystems
deforestation
when trees are cut, the co2 that was stored in them goes tio the atmosphere
