SPAIN: THE END OF ABSOLUTISM
FROM CARLOS IV OF BOURBON TO JOSÉ I BONAPARTE
Carlos IV’s reign began in 1788,
Napoleon came to power (1799)
Battle of Trafalgar (1805)
British defeated both fleets at the naval(France and Spain)
Treaty of Fontainebleau
French troops to cross Spain to attack Portugal
Revolt of Aranjuez (1808),
was a personal enemy of Godoy’s and did not agree with this policy
against his own father, demanding that he abdicated
summoned the Spanish royal family to Bayonne
José I
Napoleons brother
2 May 1808,
the people of Madrid rebelled against the French troops occupying the capital.
MANUEL GODOY (1767–1851)
THE PENINSULAR WAR
uprising soon spread from Madrid to the rest of the country
Juntas de defensa
were formed in different kingdoms and provinces to organise the Peninsular War against France
guerrillas
armed groups that made surprise attacks on the French army, impeding its movements
1814
after six years of extreme violence, pillaging and destruction, the French army withdrew from Spain
FROM THE CONSTITUTION TO THE RETURN TO ABSOLUTISM
Cortes Generales
Junta Central met in Sevilla and decided to hold elections to bring together the people’s representatives at the first Parliament
write a constitution
Cádiz
only place not under French control
Constitution of 1812
the monarchy
the Catholic religion as the official and only permitted religion
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Separation of powers
Right to universal manhood suffrage
Sovereignty was in the hands of the nation
Legislative power consisted of a single chamber
Parliament, that drafted laws with the king;
executive power consisted of the king himself
the judicial power consisted of the courts established by law
the judicial power consisted of the courts established by law
Cortes de Cádiz
series of laws to modernise Spain
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established the abolition of lordships
the suppression of the Inquisition
the recognition of freedom of expression and of the press.
Fernando VII returned to Spain in 1814