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APPLICATION OF NANOMATERIALS, CARBON NANOTUBES, application - Coggle…
APPLICATION OF NANOMATERIALS
BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS
Nanotechnology is promising to revolutionise healthcare technologies in a more patient-
friendly direction.
When these particles function as nano-medibots that release anti-cancer pharmaceuticals
into the cells or penetrate the tissue and deconstruct them mechanically, then they treat cancer
Targetted drug delivery, cancer and TB therapy, disease diagnosis, biosensors for healthmonitoring, surgical tools, implant materials, tissue engineering, molecular imaging,
biodetection of disease markers, etc.
Gold-coated nanoshells could convert light into heat, enabling the destruction of
tumours.
ENERGY APPLICATIONS
SOLAR CELLS
By means of quantum dots, the band gaps can be
adjusted specifically to convert also longer- wave light and thus increase the efficiency of the solar cells.
Covering cars with Plastic photovoltaic solar cells or making solar cell windows could be generate the power and save thefuels and also help to reduce the emission of carbon gases.
Cheap solar cell could be used for lighting, hot water,medical devices, and even cooking.
FUEL CELLS
Carbon nano tube is used to enter the hydrogen into the fuel cell.It makes the hydrogen storage easier.
Fuel cell is a device that converts a fuel directly into electricity in an electrochemical reaction.
The NANOTECH REGENERATIVE FUEL CELLS provides solutions for the problems, which are effectively in internal combustion engines.
ENERGY STORAGE DEVICES
1)Nanostructured inorganic materials for photo high voltaics
2) Nanostructured electrodes for lithium ion batteries,
(3) Nanomaterials for supercapacitors, and
(4) Nanocomposites for hydrogen storage.
Energy conversion and storage involve physical interaction and/or chemical reaction at the surface or interface, so the specific surface area, surface energy, and surface chemistry play a very important role.
STRUCTURAL APPLICATIONS
With nanocrystalline metals, superplastic deformation can extend rapid and large-scale forming processes.
Nanocrystalline M50 steel as the main shaft bearing material has improved the performance
of engines in gas turbine industries
1)Nanocrystalline ceramics have also been considered for orthopedic and dental
implants of the future.
2)Nanoparticles as filler materials in polymers.
3)Nanocrystalline titanium is considered to be a potential material for medical
implants.
4)WC–Co nanocomposites has been
driven by the expectation of obtaining cutting tools and hard metal coating.
CARBON NANOTUBES
APPLICATIONS
Currently, CNTs are mainly used as additives to synthetics.
CNTs are well-suited for virtually any application requiring
high strength, durability, electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity and lightweight properties
compared to conventional material.
Another requirement is that CNTs need to be chemically bonded with the substrate, e.g. a
plastic material
STRUCTURES
SYNTHESIS OF CARBON NANOTUBES
LASER EVAPORATION
It is also known as Pulsed laser ablation: Evaporation of a graphite target in a high-temperature reaction by the action of a pulsed laser.
Inert gas atmosphere: Argon gas
laser source such as CO2 laser or pulsed laser source such as Nd:YAG laser (Neodymium doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet, Nd:Y3Al5O12
PLASMA ARC DISCHARGE
Production of carbon nanotubes in an arc discharge plasma in a helium atmosphere.
Diameter of electrodes: 5–20 μm.
Gap between electrodes: 1 mm.
Current: 50–120 amperes.
Voltage: 20–25 V.
Inert gas pressure: 100–500 torr
Temperature: 3000–3500°C.
CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION
catalytic (nickel, cobalt, iron or their combinations) deposition of carbon from hydrocarbons (methane, ethylene, acetylene)
Temperature:
500–900°C.
Inert gas atmosphere: Argon gas.
TYPES
SINGLE WALLED NANOTUBES
SWNTs have a cylindrical shell with one atom thickness.
MULTIWALLED NANOTUBES
The concentric arrangement of several single-walled nanotubes of slightly varying diameters is
termed as a multi-walled nanotube
An allotrope of carbon with cylindrical nanostructure.Carbon nanotube is a planar sheet of graphite (graphene) rolled into seamless cylinder with diameter in the order of a nanoscale
HEALTH ISSUES
Toxicity of gold nanoparticles, for instance, has been shown at high concentrations. In addition, nanoparticles trapped in the liver can affect the function of this organ.
Organ system effects, including effects on immune and inflammatory systems
Reduced function of macrophages, reduced phagocytosis of particles themselves, reduced macrophage mobility and cytoskeletals function
Increased pro-inflammatory activity and induction of cytokines and other mediators
ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
Nanomaterials could accumulate in soil, water,plants;traditional filters are too big to catch them
The nanowastes can be released into the environment during the production of commercial nanoproducts.
It can also affect microorganisms , plants,animals, if released in the environment in significant quantittes.
