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Industrial Revolution (1) - Coggle Diagram
Industrial Revolution (1)
UK, 1750s - 1830s
Why Uk?
Agricoltural revolution
food surplus
higher life expectancy
Geography of the country
Land ownership
countryside controlled by wealthy class
massive migration of workers
Positive political climate
(end of Ancient Regime). Through the Glourious Revolution, William III agreed to have a
Parliamentary Monarchy
, giving the power to the House of Lords
connection between nobility and bourgeoisie
Vast colonial empire
British naval power
export technology
economic expansion
from a farming and hand craft economy to one dominated by industry and machine manufacturing
Pre-industry
Society
Most of the people lived in
Rural Areas
Mostly farmers
Food production as main economic activity
Scarcity; self-sustaining
To global market
limited division of labour
To city
domestic system
to fabric system
limited variation of social classes
Economies
influenced by
Enlightment
: empirical approach to agriculture
New inventions: see drill, steam engine, coal mine
more productivity
Specialised workers
Heskett John
describes Impact of technological innovation on different design
Locomotive
The process of the design of railways was separated from production physically and socially since the workers who used them had a professional status, while those who produced them were artisans
Co-operative process: a team of specialised workers
Intense competition between rival railway companies in 19th century in Britain, reanforced the appearance (different styles) > achieved aesthetic perfection, not only efficiency
The safety bicycle, J.K. Stanley in 1870s
First modern bicycle
combination of durability, lightness and efficiency
form follows function (not decoration)
Domestic goods
Furniture design involved adapting to commercial structures
M. Thonet chair: revolutionary (eliminate the need of jointing)
decorated chairs with sculptural techniques
Glass innovations: low cost techniques + different patterns
Decorations associated to social status (plain equal to the necessity of work)
The predominant aesthetic ideal of the 19th century embodied a vision of harmony between utility and beauty (articulated by M.D. Wyatt in
‘’metalwork of 1852’
’)