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Industrial Medicine 1800-1900 - Coggle Diagram
Industrial Medicine
1800-1900
Public Health
First Public Health Act, 1848
Report on the Sanitary Conditions of the Labouring Poor, Edwin Chadwick
Second Public Health Act, 1875
Life expectancy by 1900:
Men=46
Women=50
John Snow & Broad Street Pump, 1854
Broad Street pump experiment, which demonstrated that cholera was caught from unclean water.
Cause, Prevention & Treatment of Disease
Cause
Germ Theory, 1861
Bacteria causes disease
Spontaneous Generation,
Robert Koch
Developed work which looked into the specific microbes which caused disease e.g.
Cholera= discovered in 1883
Diphtheria =
Pneumonia =
meningitis =
Plague =
Tetanus =
Prevention
Treatment
Surgery
Surgery
Anaesthethics
Prior to James Simpson's development of chloroform, other methods were used to reduce pain during surgery;
Ether
laughing gas
Alcohol
Herbs
James Simpson
developed the use of chloroform
John Snow
developed and inhaler device which could regulate the does of chloroform and reduce the danger of using too much
Aseptic Surgery
Developed after 1890s
This removed germs completely from the operating theatre
All operating theatres and hospitals were rigorously cleaned
From 1887 all instruments were steam sterilised
Surgeons stopped operating in ordinary clothes and wore surgical gowns, face masks and rubber gloves
Individuals
Joseph Lister
Developed the use of antiseptics and emphasised cleanliness. First to use carbolic acid and bandages soaked in carbolic
Published his results in 1867
James Simpson
Discovered chloroform as an effective anaesthetic
Robert Liston
Before anaesthetics, surgery had to be quick. Liston was famous for being able to saw through a femur in 2.5 minutes
Antiseptic Surgery
Developed with discoveries made by
Joseph Lister
.
Emphasised idea of killing germs on the wound
Insisted doctors wash hands in carbolic acid before operations
Developed Carbolic spray to kill germs
Invented ligature to tie up blood vessels and prevent blood loss
Individuals
Joseph Lister
James Simpson
Flo Nights
Robert Koch
Louis Pastuer
Dr Henry Bastion
Edward Jenner
Robert Liston
John Snow
Hospital Care
Crimean War
, 1853-56
Florence Nightingale
From Crimean War, Nightingale influenced developemnts in Hopsital care;
Imporved sanitation in hospitals e.g. clean water, good drains, sewers and toilet facilities
Total cleanliness
Ventiliation to make sure patients got fresh, clean air
Food supplies, clothing and washing facilities for patients
Emphasised link between disease and dirt BUT believed in Miasma theory and not Germ Theory (although this was published a decade after Crimean War)
Cottage Hospitals
= Local Hospitals
Workhouses
= for the poor and disabled. Run by Poor Law Unions