Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
07 SPAIN: THE END OF ABSOLUTISM, image, image, image - Coggle Diagram
07 SPAIN: THE END OF ABSOLUTISM
FROM CARLOS IV OF BOURBON TO JOSÉ I BONAPARTE
Carlos IV’s reign began in 1788, one year before the start of the French Revolution
When Napoleon came to power, Godoy returned to the policy of alliances with France, following the tradition of the Family Compacts
Spanish fleet joined forces with the French fleet to implement the Continental Blockade
British defeated both fleets at the naval Battle of Trafalgar
Godoy and Napoleon signed the Treaty of Fontainebleau, allowing French troops to cross Spain to attack Portugal
finished occupying Spain
summoned the Spanish royal family to Bayonne
appointed his brother José as monarch of Spain
did not have the support of the Spanish people
The heir to the throne, Fernando, was a personal enemy of Godoy’s and did not agree with this policy
He therefore led an uprising, the Revolt of Aranjuez
Carlos IV had to abdicate in favour of his son
people of Madrid rebelled against the French troops occupying the capital
MANUEL GODOY
was a soldier in the Royal Guard (Guardia Real)
began to climb the ranks thanks to the personal interest of the queen
was appointed prime minister and awarded several noble titles
his domestic policy included Enlightenment reforms, and he began the process of the expropriation and public sale of Church property
his foreign policy was less successful, as his alliance with Napoleon led to the defeat at Trafalgar and the Peninsular War
THE PENINSULAR WAR
uprising soon spread from Madrid to the rest of the country
Juntas de defensa were formed to organise the Peninsular War against France
Junta Central took over the government
Junta Central was forced to ally with its traditional enemy, Great Britain, which sent troops to the Peninsula
Spanish army’s first defeats led to the people forming guerrillas
armed groups that made surprise attacks on the French army, impeding its movements
This military tactic played a key role in the victory over the French by lengthening the conflict
after six years of extreme violence, pillaging and destruction, the French army withdrew from Spain
FROM THE CONSTITUTION TO THE RETURN TO ABSOLUTISM
Junta Central met and decided to hold elections to bring together the people’s representatives at the first Parliament (Cortes Generales) and write a constitution
only place not under French control was the city of Cádiz
the elected deputies met in Cádiz and approved the Constitution
CONSTITUTION OF 1812
Separation of powers
Universal manhood suffrage
Sovereignty was in the hands of the nation
Fernando VII returned to Spain in 1814
received a warm welcome because he was seen as a symbol of the nation’s restored freedom
was still a supporter of absolutism and decided to suppress the Constitution of 1812
army supported him and the liberals were persecuted and exiled
