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07.SPAIN: THE END OF ABSOLUTISM, MANUEL GODOY, image, image, image, image,…
07.SPAIN: THE END OF ABSOLUTISM
FROM CARLOS IV OF BOURBON TO JOSÉ IBONAPARTE
José I did not have the support of the Spanish people
The French occupation began in early 1808
Fernando led an uprising, the Revolt of Aranjuez, against his own father
Carlos IV had to abdicate in favour of his son
The Spanish fleet therefore joined forces with the French fleet
Spain therefore sent troops to help him fight the National Convention
Carlos IV’s reign began in 1788, one year before the start of the French Revolution
Luis XVI, Carlos IV’s cousin, was imprisoned and put on trial
Spain’s new prime minister, Godoy, returned to the policy of alliances with France
Godoy and Napoleon signed the Treaty of Fontainebleau, allowing French troops to cross Spain
Napoleon also summoned the Spanish royal family to Bayonne
On 2 May 1808, the people of Madrid rebelled against the French troops occupying the capital
THE PENINSULAR WAR
Juntas de defensa
formed in different kingdoms and provincies to organise the Peninsular war agains France
French army very powerfull
Spanish army's first defeats led to the people forming guerrillas
guerrilas
armed groups that made surprise attacks on the French army
imped French movements
FROM THE CONSTITUTION TO THE RETURN TO ABSOLUTISM
Two traditional elements were maintained in the Constitution of 1812
The liberal principles behind the end of the Old Regime were also confirmed
The monarchy and the Catholic religion as the official and only permitted religion
The only place not under French control was the city of Cádiz
In 1812 the Junta Central met in Sevilla and decided to hold elections
On 19 March 1812, the elected deputies, influenced by liberal ideas, met in Cádiz
They approved the Constitution
Fernando VII returned to Spain in 1814
He received a warm welcome
The war was over and his father was dead
The army supported him and the liberals were persecuted and exiled
CONSTITUTION OF 1812
Sovereingnity was in the hands of the nation
Separation of power
right to universal manhood suffrage
The Cortes de Cadiz
approved a series of laws to modernise Spain
MANUEL GODOY
Began to climb ranks thanks to the personal interest of the queen
Maria Luisa de Parma
Was a soldier in the Royal Guard
