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Prenatal Changes and Self-Care During Pregnancy, Hasti Halakoeei and Ben…

- - - - Nurses can advise mothers experiencing morning sickness to 1) avoid having an empty stomach, 2) eat small amounts frequently, prioritizing low-fat foods, 3) Avoid foods and smells that make nausea worse, 4) stay hydrated, and 5) recommend foods with ginger as ginger is a natural antiemetic (Mayo Clinic, 2022a).
    - - Nurses can encourage mother's experiencing constipation to increase their fibre and fluid intake. Encouraging pregnant individuals to mobilize/exercise is also a good way to promote regular bowel movements (Mayo Clinic, 2022a).
  - - - Nurses should advise individuals and their partners that in their first trimester of pregnancy a wide variety of emotions are to be expected (Mayo Clinic, 2022). The nurse should encourage individuals in their first trimester of pregnancy to share their emotions freely. If the nurse determines that the mother's mental health is declining they can refer the mother to mental health professionals as needed (Mayo Clinic, 2022a).
- - - - The nurse can educate the mother and family about Braxton Hicks contractions, advising them to seek medical attention if they become regular and progressively increase in strength (Mayo Clinic, 2022b).
    - - The nurse should advise the mother to keep her skin well-moisturized and to use sunscreen when exposed to the sun (Mayo Clinic, 2022b).
    - - Nurses can advise clients with this discharge that it is a normal occurrence. Instruct clients with an increase in discharge to contact their provider if the discharge becomes foul smelling, unusual in colour, or they experience pain, itching, or soreness to the vaginal area (Mayo Clinic, 2022b).
    - - Nurses can advise pregnant individuals to stay hydrated, stretch, and drink plenty of fluids in order to decrease the frequency and severity of their cramps (Mayo Clinic, 2022b).
    - - The nurse can advise the pregnant individual to use OTC saline rinses to reduce congestion as needed (Mayo Clinic, 2022b).
      - The nurse should encourage the pregnant individual to maintain a good level of hydration and moisturize nares with petroleum jelly as needed to reduce nasal dryness (Mayo Clinic, 2022b).
  - - - The nurse can refer the pregnant individual and their partner to a birthing class which may help reduce some labour-related anxiety.
- - - - Nurses can refer clients to support groups, birthing groups, and counsellors as needed to support the pregnant individual and their family. The nurse should include family in health teaching and encourage family to support the pregnant individual whenever possible.
  - - - Nurses can encourage pregnant individuals with shortness of breath to practice good posture to foster increased lung expansion (Mayo Clinic, 2022).
    - - The nurse can advise the pregnant individual to avoid acidic, spicy, and fatty foods to reduce symptoms of heartburn during pregnancy (Mayo Clinic, 2022c).
    - - Nurses should encourage women experiencing backaches to get regular exercise, invest in comfortable shoes with good support, and sit in supportive chairs whenever possible (Mayo Clinic, 2022c).
    - - Nurses can advise individuals with haemorrhoids to use OTC hemorrhoid creams and soak in a warm tub or sitz bath (Mayo Clinic, 2022c).
      - Nurses can educate their pregnant clients that most redness associated with varicose veins fades following delivery (Mayo clinic, 2022c).