Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
human nutrition, Process by which nutrients (extracted during digestion)…
human nutrition
nutrients
substances the body takes in to sustain the life of cells
they provide the cells
raw materials
to build
to repair
to grow
to multiply
energy for vital functions
allow regulation for chemical reactions
types
organic
(complex molecules) produced by lo
Provide E and rawmaterials
carbohydrates
fats
proteins
Regulate metabolism
vitamins
Characteristics
Or
Not produced by the body
Produced insufficiently
Obtained from food
Small quantities required
Regulate cellular processes
Groups
Fat-soluble stored in fatty tissues
Water-soluble
Cannot be stored in the body
Must be taken daily
Ex: Vit D
Fat-soluble
main sources: fish, eggs and liver. Skin cells synthesize it in the presence of sufficient light
main processes: maintenanthy of healthy bones and teeth, regulation of calcium and phosphorus levels
Inorganic
(simple molecules) not E
may be found in lo but not produces by
them
Minerals(Ca, Na)
Small quantities requiered
Regulate internal processes
Build materials
H2O
2/3 of human body
Essential for chemical reactions
Keeps the temperature
Daily intake: 1,5-2L
O2 (not obtained from food)
Fluorine
main sources: fish and drinking water
main processes: maintenance of healthy teeth and bones
Systems involved
Digestive
Extracts nutrients from foods, breaking down foods into molecular components that that can be absorbed by cells
Mouth (teeth, palate, tongue, salivary glands, epiglottis, pharynx), esophagus, stomach (cardia, pylorus) liverm gall bladder, pancreas, small intestine (duodenum, jejunum, lleum) large intestine (appendix, cecum, colon, rectum, anus)
Digestive glands
organs and structures that secrete digestive juices that contain
digestive enzymes
that act chemically on food macromolecules and break them down into smaller nutrient molecules
Salivary glands
-
glycosidases
- chemical digestion of complex
carbohydrates
Gastric glands
- gastric juice that contains hydrochloric acids and enzymes called
peptidases
for
proteins
. mucus
Pancreas
- pancreatic juice that contains a wide variety of enzymes that act on
all type of food biomolecules
. Pancreatic juices digest
fats
(
lipase
)
Liver
- produces
bile
, not contain enzymes, but break down large droplets of
fat
Intestinal glands
- intestinal juice and awvoe (acting ch, f, p) and mucus
Respiratory
Obtains oxygen from the air and adds it to the blood; it also releases carbon dioxide, a waste product of cellular respiration
Circulatory
Transports nutrients to all cells in the body and removes metabolic waste form the cells
Urinary
Filters waste and extra salt from the blood. These are eliminated in the urine. This system also regulates the body’s water balance
Process by which nutrients (extracted during digestion) pass through the cells that line the walls of the intestine and are absorbed into the bloodstream.
small intestine
organic nutrients, most minerals and water
large intestine
minerals, water and some vitamins
The walls are covered in
villi
. Inside each villus, there is a network of
blood capillaries
. Nutrients are absorbed into the
intestinal epithelial cells
of the villi, and then diffuse into blood capillaries and into the bloodstream
Intestinal absorption