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respiration - Coggle Diagram
respiration
glycolysis
phosphorylation
- glucose phosphorylated by adding 2 phosphates from 2 molecules of ATP
- 2 triose phosphate created
- 2 ATP used up
oxidation
- 4 ATP produced , 2 used at beginning= total of 2 ATP & inorganic free phosphate
- coenzyme NAD collects hydrogen ions= 2 reduces NAD
summary
- end products= pyruvate & reduced NAD
- energy is released
- 4 ADP + Pi converted to 4 ATP
- net gain of 2 ATP
- 2 hydrogen atoms
- 2 pyruvate
products of glycolysis
- 2 reduced NAD( NADH + H)
- 2 pyruvate
- 2 ATP
2 stages:
- phosphorylation
-oxidation
-
-
aerobic respiration
summary
- 1st 3 stages= 4 ATP molecules
- aerobic respiration makes 32 ATP per glucose
- remaining 28 ATP comes from electron transport chain
- the ETC makes ATP from reduced NAD and reduced FAD from earlier stages
- reduced FAD= 2 (from krebs)
- 1.5 x 2= 3 ATP
- reduced NAD= 10
-->2 (from glycolysis)
-->2 ( from 2x link reaction)
-->6 (from 2x krebs)
- 2.5 x 10= 25 ATP
- 25 ATP + 3 ATP= 28 ATP
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-
-
oxidative phosphorylation
- ADP combine with inorganic phosphate Pi to form ATP
1- in aerobic respiration , the electrons will only be passed down ETC if theres something to accept them at the end of the chain
2- this molecule is oxygen it combines with the hydrogen atoms (H+ and e- ) to form a water molecule
-
4 stages of respiration
- Glycolysis
- link reaction
- Krebs cycle
- electron transport chain
what happens where
glycolysis= cytoplasm of the cell
link reaction= matrix of the mitochondria Krebs cycle= also in the matrix
electron transport chain= utilities proteins in the inner membrane the cristae
-
chemiosmosis
theory
1- reduced Coenzyme carries h+ + e to ETC on inner mitochondrial membrane
2- electrons pass from 1 electron carrier to then next in series of redox reactions
- carrier is reduced when it receives the electrons and oxidised when it passes them on
3- protons (h+) move across inner mitochondrial membrane = high h+ conc
4- h+ diffuses back to mitochondrial matrix down elecrochemical gradient
5- h+ diffusion allows ATPase to catalyse ATP synthesis
6- electrons and h+ ions combine to form hydrogen atoms which combine with o2 = water
- if supply of o2 stops, the ETC and ATP stops