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Theories About Managing Childhood Behavior, References McLeod,Saul…
Theories About Managing Childhood Behavior
B.F. Skinner & Operant Conditioning
Skinner’s theory of Operant Conditioning is defined as a way of learning through reinforcers that result from our actions. It is based on the idea we can increase or decrease a certain behavior by adding a positive or negative reinforcement or punishment. McLeod, Saul (2018)
When applying Operant Conditioning in the classroom it’s important to consider the difference between positive and negative reinforcement and punishment, and have a plan for how and when you will use them in your classroom.
Positive and Negative Reinforcement is used is used to increase the likelihood of a desirable behavior.
Managing the Challenging Behavior Through Negative Reinforcement
Managing a challenging behavior through negative reinforcement would require the teacher to highlight and reinforce the behavior of a different child sitting quietly by taking away a negative consequence (i.e. don't have to help clean-up, etc.), in hopes the misbehaving child may alter their behavior in order to also get the negative reinforcement.
Managing the Challenging Behavior Through Positive Reinforcement
Managing a challenging behavior through positive reinforcement would require the teacher to highlight and reinforce the behavior of a different child sitting quietly by giving them something (i.e verbal praise, a sticker on their chart, etc), in hopes the misbehaving child may alter their behavior in order to also get the the positive reinforcement.
(Recommended - most positive approach)
Positive and Negative Punishment is used to decrease likelihood of an undesirable behavior.
Managing the Challenging Behavior Through Positive Punishment
Managing a challenging behavior through positive punishment would involve taking an action that would deter the child from continuing to misbehave (ie. scolding the child for talking and disrupting the class, giving detention, etc.) -
(Not Recommended - Last Resort)
Managing the Challenging Behavior Through Negative Punishment
Managing a challenging behavior through negative punishment would involve taking away a benefit, in an effort to deter the child from continuing to misbehave (ie. putting a child in Time Out, or making them miss recess, etc.) -
(Not Recommended - Last Resort)
The Challenging Behavior to be addressed: Talking During Lesson Time
Lev Vygotsky & Sociocultural Theory
Lev Vysgotsky founded the sociocultural theory which believed that students could learn through scaffolding and through zones of proximal development.
When applying scaffolding and zones of proximal development to the classroom, it is important to use tools and student groups to allow students to further their growth.
Zones of Proximal Development in a Small Group Setting to Combat Blurting Out
We would first start off in a large group building off the popcorn skill learned at the bottom to develop the group discussion skill
We would then break into smaller groups while the teacher remains supervising the smaller groups and makes sure everyone is able to have their turn sharing and that they are all listening
The final step would be allowing small groups while the teacher works individually with students. The students would be able to have a discussion without any intervention from their teacher.
Scaffolding to allow students to popcorn call on eachother
We can start with an initial step of setting an expectation of no talking during a lesson without raising your hand.
We can take it to the next step by allowing students to hold a special item that allows the student holding it to talk. Then they choose a new student to hold the item and speak
Lastly students are able to call on each other without use of an item, they just call on each other and are able to remain quiet while the chosen student shares.
*The Challenging Behavior to be addressed: Blurting out
References
McLeod,Saul (2018)
What is Operant Conditioning and How Does it Work?
Sarikas, Christine (2020)
Vygotsky Scaffolding and How to Use It.
https://blog.prepscholar.com/vygotsky-scaffolding-zone-of-proximal-development