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Global hazards III - Coggle Diagram
Global hazards III
Building desings
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This reduces deaths and injury, and reduces the cost of repairs and rebuilding afterwards
existing buildings can be strengthened. Eg: the golden gate bridge has been retro fitted by adding shock absorbers to the base
Pipelines can be designed to flex and not break during earthquakes. This helps prevent damage to property caused by flooding and fire
Los Angeles floating building, cost 600 million
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Causes of earthquakes
1) plates jerk past each other, sending out shock waves
2) Shock waves spread out from the focus, the point in the earth where the earthquakes starts. Near the focus, thew waves are stronger and cause more damage
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Types of earthquake
deep focus
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Triggered when the oceanic plate is subducted under a continental late, so only occur on destructive plate boundaries
They are rare, and measure 6-8 on the Richter scale
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Shallow focus
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Occur at conservative boundaries and in the upper part of destructive boundaries and collision boundaries
They are common, and measure 1-5 on the Richter scale
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Measuring Earthquakes
Richter scale: measure the amount of energy released (magnitude). Logarithmic scale, so increase of 1 means 10x more powerful. It is an objective method
Mercalli scale: measures the intensity of an earthquake and the effects and damage caused can be measured using the Mercalli scale. Ranges from I to XII. it is a subjective method