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THE HANOVERIANS AND THE AUGUSTAN AGE - Coggle Diagram
THE HANOVERIANS AND THE AUGUSTAN AGE
The political scene is divided into two parties
The Whigs: They descend from parliamentarians, are supported by the wealthy and the merchant classes, and fought for: commercial development - a vigorous foreign policy - religious toleration.
The Tories: They descend from Royalists, are supported by the Church of England and the landowners, and fought for the divine right of the King.
CHANGING SOCIETY
population growth
UPPER CLASSES
wealthy merchants
tradesmen
manufacters :
MIDDLE CLASSES (5% of population)
professionals
merchants
artisans
tradesman
shopkeepers
POOR
rural poor go to the city becoming
A nes view of nature
the enlightened thinkers
improve and understand the world
optimistic view of the natural world
they reject the Calvinist belief
nature, kind and beautiful
it is the complex set of divinely ordered and manifested principles
EXPLORATIONS
REASON to discover new lands
optimism
belief
CAPTAIN COOK
commissions voyages to new lands
by Royal Society
NATIVE PEOPLES
mapping of Australia, New Zealand, Hawaiian Islands
the Enlightenment
intellectual movement
aiming to free the mind of man from ignorance
discovery pristine state of nature
faith serves to achieve happiness
reason developed by education and questions traditional doctrines
A GOLDEN AGE
called "AUGUSTAN" after Roman period
political stability
power
flourishing of the arts
cultural innovation and public debate
virtues
politeness
moderation
rationality
"good breeding"
reject extremism
enlightened thinkers
reject puritans
18th century ideals
INDIVIDUALISM
simplicity
emotional authenticity
PRAGMATISM
initiative
enterprise
enrichment
AN AGE OF DEBATE
COFFE-HOUSES
frequented by fashionable and artistic people
exclusive for men
gathering points for social and professional network
periodicals and pamphlets