THE HANOVERIANS AND THE AUGUSTAN AGE
the whigs and the teory
the political scene was separated by 2 parties
THE WHINGS. Descendants: parliamentarians, supported by: the wealthy and commercial classes, fought for: commercial development, a vigorous policy, religious tolerance.
THE TORIES: descendants: royalists, supported by: the Church of England and landowners, fought for: the divine right of the King.
a golden age
it is called "Augustan" because it shows the maximum stability of the political power and of the arts of Roman history.
click to edit
the period is characterized by:
- the rejection of extremism
- the rejection of the pessimism of the Puritans
-a cultural innovation
- the virtues to be pursued are just and rational
individualism: simplicity and authenticity reigned in the citizens
pragmantism
changing society:
there were a demographic change in society
the upper classes included the great merchants, landowners and the aristocrac.
in the middle class there were merchants, professionals and artisans.
the poor of the rural and the city were present as the last social class.
an age of debate
Cafes frequented by artists and intellectual men are spreading in large cities as meeting points for discussions of ideas.
art and satire
the paintings of the time expressed a lot of irony and freedom like the painter William Hogarth.
the enlightnment
was a European intellectual movement that promotes the freedom of the mind from ignorance through reason and education to achieve happiness.
the Enlightenment rejected the Calvinist religion by focusing on the natural world of man, the universe and the environment, which is benign and beautiful.
the exploration
given the optimism and the new mentality it was believed that it was possible to discover new horizons and lands with voyages commissioned by Captain Cook for the Royal Society. new civilizations of the indigenous peoples of Australia, New Zealand and the Hawaiian Islands were discovered.