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Geography, History - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Physical items we use from nature (eg. wood, minerals etc)
    - - Processes that absorb our waste (bacteria breaking down animal waste)
    - - Things done for us by nature (trees producing oxygen)
    - - Forming a connection with the land (bushwalking, watching sunsets)
    - - Humans have changed the aquatic environment
      - Sources
        
        Climate
        
        South-West monsoon brings 84% of precipitation
        
        From June to September,
        
        Helps form the river
        
        Melting glaciers:
        
        Precipitation in the form of snow forms glaciers
        
        e.g. the Gangotri Glacier, which melts and helps form the river
        
        Mountain
        
        The river starts in the western Mountains, at 3900 masl
        
        Melted snow from high mountain peaks
        
        e.g. Nande Devi, helps form the river
      - River in India
      - Drinking water
      - Mining
      - Power
      - Waste removal
  - - - Waves have a weaker pull, with a stronger break
    - - Waves have a stronger pull
    - - How much sediment is pulled in
  - - - Deep Water Horizon
        
        BP fuels
        
        BP ignored Safety inspections
        
        These precautions were given by researchers and oils factory workers
    - - Physical cleaning of effected animals from exposure to oil
      - Booms
        
        Used as barriers for oil
        
        especially used in vulnerable marine ecosystems that absorb the oil
  - - - Weathering and erosion
        
        Erosion is the take away of product (run off)
        
        Weathering is the breaking down
  - - - Less than 25 meters above sea level
      - Temp of 20-28 degrees Celsius
      - Clear Water
        
        Allows for Sunlight to go through the water
    - - A coral reef is made up of millions of coral polyps. These are tiny animals, but they contain plants called algae. The algae convert sunlight into energy for the reef itself. The coral polyps make hard calcium carbonate which builds up over thousands of years to form reefs.
      - Made up of tiny polyps
    - - Known as 'rainforests of the sea'
      - home to a very diverse range of plants and animals.
      - Provides a home to 25% of all marine species
  - - - Over Fishing
      - Whale Hunting
      - Limits to water pollution from petroleum and oil mining
        
        Some companies refuse to adhere to sustainable strategies
- - - - neccesities
        
        Clean water
        
        Clean air
      - Other factors
        
        Disease
        
        Treating
        
        Controlling the spread of disease
        
        Health Care for sick and injured
        
        Care for the vulnerable
        
        Babies
        
        Aged
        
        emergency services in the time of crisis
    - - Good government structure and not corrupt
    - - Liveability
      - Literacy rates
      - Infant mortality rates
      - Income rates (GDP and GNI) #
        
        GDP - Gross Domestic Product
        
        the amount of goods and services transported
        
        GNI- GDP + (money in-money out)
        
        Money from exports and lost money from imports
      - Housing availability
      - These factors all can be compared with first and third world nations
        
        Australia vs Republic of the Congo
    - - Negative
        
        Lack of wealth can cause
        
        may struggle to buy things such as food, medicine and tools that we could use to generate more wealth.
      - Positive
        
        Generated by
        
        making investments or owning assets
        
        earning income from work
        
        producing and selling things
  - - - Any organisation run directly or indirectly by a government at any scale.
    - - A statistic, constructed using a range of measures that aims to
        summarise the state of development of a nation.
    - - A set of statistical measures that make a quantitative
        statement about human wellbeing e.g. income, health etc.
      - A set of statistical measures that make a quantitative
        statement about human wellbeing e.g. income, health etc.
    - - The quality of life of a population
    - - A lack of food for a population.
    - - A marked difference between the living standards or state of being between two groups of people.
    - - A person who moves location for a better job, lifestyle etc
    - - A country with a low level of economic activity
    - - Economic, social and political changes that improve the
        wellbeing of people.
    - - A nation with low birth and death rates and much higher than
        average economic standard of living
    - - A state that has reached a high level of economic progress.
    - - An organisation that has considerable scope and authority but
        is not part of the government structure e.g. Greenpeace.
    - - The transfer of resources and help from, usually, wealthy
        nations (donors) to less developed (receivers).
    - - A level at which the population exceeds the resources to maintain it.
    - - The extent to which a social or economic factor applies to a
        
        person or group of people. The goal would be to find a high
        
        standard of living i.e. access to healthcare, employment,
        
        housing etc.
    - - A piece of land within a border that can be controlled by its state authorities
    - - The study of access to justice in terms of geography and
        society.
    - - An older term, increasingly less used, referring to the developing world.
    - - A area of poor housing characterised by high population density and poor provision of resources.
    - - A nation that has not fully developed its economy.
    - - A person forced to move away from their home by war, famine etc.
    - - Changes in economic structures that seen more in one area than another.
    - - Lacking key resources for wellbeing, usually money.
    - - Those factors in the control of societies that improve the standard of living, usually of the most disadvantaged.
    - - A graphical representation of a population divided by gender and age.
- - - - Opposite of low pressure systems
    - - Extreme weather conditions
      - High winds/air collapses
      - Cold fronts/ cold weather
      - Rainfall
- - - - Oppression
        
        prolonged inhumane cruelty
        
        exercise of authority
      - The beginning of concentration camps and labour camps
      - Mass Killings
        
        Gas chambers
        
        Mass Shootings
      - Nuremberg Laws
        
        Reduced the Freedom of Jews
        
        Were not allowed to work or have a job
        
        Not allowed to own a house
        
        No way to make money
        
        The Law for the Protection of German Blood and Honor
        
        Defined a Jew as someone with either 3 or 4 Jewish Grandparents
        
        Marriage and relations with Jews and Aryans was forbidden
        
        Banned from working in influential positions
        
        Banned from being a student or lecturer at university
        
        Banned from owning a weapon store
        
        Couldn't move around Germany without permission
        
        Banned from German citizenship
        
        Reich Citizenship law
      - Einsatzgruppen
        
        Killing groups deployed by Hitler to kill large groups deemed 'undesirable'
        
        Mass shootings over pits, ravines, self-dug graves
        
        However, it got too stressful so the Nazi decided to introduce the method of gassing instead
      - Kristallnacht
        
        Led by SA (Hitler's army)
        
        synagogues burnt down
        
        Shop windows of Jewish businesses were smashed
  - - - Motivation
      - Hitler's Book
  - - - Use of cattle carts to transport people
      - Traumatizing
      - No privacy, cramped quarters
      - Limited water supply
    - - Twin Experiments
        
        Josef Mengele
    - - Confinement
      - forced to live in here
      - Dilapidated
      - overcrowding and forced labour
  - - - PTSD
      - Disease
      - Typhus
      - Dysentery
      - TRAUMA!!!!
  - - - Less than 200 were executed
  - - - Hitlers Birthday 2022
        
        There was a party!
- - - - Activism in the form of violent protests
    - - I have a Dream Speech
        
        Provided insight to a vision of equality and inclusivity among American society
    - - Started Bus Boycotts
        
        Activists who spark awareness among African American communities thanks to the resistance Rosa Parks demonstrated
        
        Sparked by the arrest of Rosa Parks on 1 December 1955, the Montgomery bus boycott was a 13-month mass protest that ended with the U.S. Supreme Court ruling
        
        Mission to stop racial segregation in America especially the South
        
        She refused to sit at the back of the bus as an African American
    - - Group of students knew life was in danger and still did non-violent activist protests to make people aware of racism and prejudice
        
        Social inequality
      - Klu Klux Klan
        
        KKK
        
        Severe damage verbally and physically to freedom riders on trains, buses, and ambushes
        
        Main damage was inflicted on the Southern US states
      - Freedom Riders were civil rights activists who rode interstate buses into the segregated Southern United States in 1961 and subsequent years to challenge the non-enforcement of the United States Supreme
      - Dates: 4 May 1961 – 10 Dec 1961
      - The Freedom Rides, which began in May 1961 and ended late that year, were organized by CORE's national director, James Farmer. The mission of the rides was to test compliance with two Supreme Court rulings: Boynton v.
        
        Core
        
        Founded in 1942 by an interracial group of students in Chicago, the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) pioneered the use of nonviolent direct action in America's civil rights struggle.
    - - Date: c. 1877 - c. 1950
  - - - Patrick Dodson
      - Charles Perkins
        
        Leader of SAFA
        
        Group of university students carpooling to raise awareness about racism towards Aboriginals in Australia
        
        To develop laws to increase liveability, education, and health.
        
        Student Action for Aboriginals
        
        Aboriginal Australian activist
        
        Perkins organised the 1965 Australian Freedom Ride, modelled on the Freedom Rides against segregation in America's deep south. The bus trip was designed to show how much discrimination Aboriginal people in Australian country towns were still encountering.
      - Eddie Mabo
        
        Allowed for Native title on the Murray Island
        
        Ability for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander to practice traditions and cultural practices.
    - - It helped move public opinion towards a 'Yes' vote in the 1967 referendum to remove the discrimination against Aboriginal Australians from the Australian Constitution.
  - - - To recognise the atrocities of the Stolen Generations and to remember those that have suffered
        
        Result in people to be aware of racist and prejudicial actions the white man had an Indigenous Australians.
      - When did it start?
      - 1938
    - - Majority of votes were passed that Aboriginal Australians were able to have rights and freedoms
      - ATSI people part of the population and Commonwealth would make laws for them
    - - From 1800s to 1970s
        
        This was the protection policy
        
        The Act was in force from 1909 to 1969, when it was repealed by the Aborigines Act 1969.
      - Caused inter-generational trauma
        
        Children were told family did not love them anymore, removal of cultural and self-identity.
        
        Descendants still experience this trauma
    - - Kinchela Boys Home (KBH) was established by the Aboriginal Protection Board in 1924 and closed in 1970. It is estimated that between 400-600 Aboriginal boys were removed from their families and placed in KBH. Inside KBH the boys suffered abuses of all kinds on a daily basis, because they were Aboriginal. They were denied the love of their families, and a childhood filled with laughter, safety and joy. They were denied the basic rights every child deserves.
        
        Experience:
        Children had their names removed and were given a number. They were not allowed to use their names. They were not allowed to speak their own indigenous language/s. They were were told their parents did not want them. They experienced neglect, as well as physical, emotional and sexual abuse and received little or no education. They were refused contact with their families.
- - - - Rock 'n' roll
      - The Beatles
      - Elvis Presley
      - Spice girls
    - - Hollywood influences
      - Popular movies
      - Fashion from movies
    - - Political ideologies and influences
      - News and media
      - Transportation of popular goods such as foods
      - Movie fashions and actors
        
        Influence how people should look and act