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The political scenes was dominated by tow parties - Coggle Diagram
The political scenes was dominated by tow parties
The whigs
Supported by: the wealthy and
Descendants: Parliamentarians
commercial classes
scene Was
dominated by
two parties
Fought for: - a vigorous foreign policy;
religious toleration.
commercial development;
The tories
Descendants: Royalists, Supported by: the Church of England and the landowners Fought for: the divine right of the King
A golden age
It was called augustan after the period of Roman history which had achieved political stability and power as well as a flourishing of the arts.
an important moment in the making o England is an cultural innovation and pubic debate , the virtues of politeness, moderation and rationality were praised man ha an innate sense of what is virtue lies in good breedig
Civility and moderation became 18th century ideals:
individualism->simplicity and emotional authenticity
pragmatism:
initiative enterprise and enrichement
Changing society
rapid population growth-social mobility:
whth the a diners an sristocracy, the uppers classes now included wealthy merchants tradesmen and manifactures
There was a growing middle class- about 5% of the population.it consisted of professionalism,merchants,artisans,tradesmen and shopkeepers
Below the poor:the rural poor had suffered from the enclosures and joined the urban poor in desperate conditions.
An age of debate
coffee-houses in town were meeting places:
were frequented by feshionable and artistic people
when exclusively attended by men
Become gathering points for social and professional networking and also for the discussion of ideas
circulated the latest periodicals and pamphlets
Art and satire
painting reflected the free intellectual climate of the period with William hogarth’s moral and social satire.
He wanted to warn men against passive submission to the temptations of the corrupting material word of the time
The enlightenment:
europian intellectual movement wanted to free man’s mind from ignorance an superstition
AImed at discovering the original state of nature:
what is natura is rational and common to every human being
Nature is benign and beatiful,nature meant human nature,the environment and the universe beyond the earth, the complex set of principles divinely ordained and manifest in the creation.
Characterised by faith in reason to achieve happines
reason was developed bu education and questioned traditional doctrines
Enlightened thinkers:
wanted to understand the world but also to imprive it
rejected Calvinist belief of life controlled by god or the devil
new optimistic view of the natural world.
Explorations
the new optimism and the belief that reason could discover new horizons encouraged exploration
Voyages to new land where commissioned to captain cook by the royal society
They led to the encounter whit native people I corrupted by civilisation and the mapping of Australia, New Zealand and the Hawaiians island.