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Internal Regulation - Coggle Diagram
Internal Regulation
homeostasis
lower than set point
homeostatic process
higher than set point
negative feedback
normal
Allostasis
minimize changes
body temperature
basal metabolism
while at rest
maintain body temperature
ectothermic
Reptilians
no physiological mechanism for temperature
maintained externally
extreme cold
death
burrow underground
some
antifreeze compound
endothermic
mammals
increase
shivering
decrease bloodflow
decrease
increase bloodflow
sweating
brain mechanisms
preoptic area
receives input from temperature receptors
immune system
prostaglandins
shiveing, increase metabolism, fever
histamines
primary area for sweating and shivering
anterior hypothalamus
water regulation
conserve
excreting urine
decreasing sweat
posterior pituitary
vasopressin
raise blood pressure
compensate decrease water volume
enables reabsorbtion of water
thirst
osmotic
Solute concentration > other side of cell
detecting osmotic pressure
receptors around third ventricle
organum vasculosum laminae terminalis
supraoptic nucleus
control vasopressin release rate
paraventricular nucleus
subfornical organ
receptors in periphery
hypovolemic
triggered
vasopressin
compensate blood pressure
angiotensin ll
stimulates neurons adjoining third ventricle
signals hypothalamus
released as neurotransmitter
salty preference for food and water
Hunger
digestive system
mouth
ezymes
breakdown
carbohydrates
stomach
hydrocloric acids
digest
protein
vagus nerve
conveys information
stretching of the stomach walls
splanchnic nerves
convey information
nutrient contents of the stomach
small intestines
enzymes
digest
protein
fat
carbohydrates
duodenum
distention
produce
satiety
releases
cholecystokinin
regulate hunger
close sphincter muscles
stimulate
vagus nerve
message
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large intestines
absorbs
water
lubricates
remaining
feedback system
eat
blood glucose increase
insuline increase cell intake
blood glucose decrease
glucagon increase
stores glucose
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diseases
diabetes
type 1
low insulin level
high glucose level
brain mechanism
arcuate nucleus
sensitive to hunger
sensitive to satiety
nicotine
output
ghrelin
increase appetite
triggers stomach contraction
paraventricular hypothalamus
satiety
release
melanocortins
limiting food intake
hunger
inhibits
paraventricular nucleus
orexin
seeking food
transmitters
GABA
neuropeptide Y
Agouti-related peptide
lateral hypothalamus
controls
insulin secretion
alters
taste responsiveness