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Botany Exam 4, Perianth, megasporangium=nucellus, Carpel- holds ovule -…

- - - - Monocots
      - Eudicots
  - - - Megasporangium not attached to integuments
        
        4-5 lobes
        
        integuments fuse
        
        8-10 lobes, still open @ top
        
        Cupule
  - - - undergoes mitosis to form megagametophyte, which is parasitic to the sporocyte.
        
        After fertilization- develops into embryo
- - - - Sepals
        
        Modified leaves, outermost appendage
        
        All sepals together called calyx
        
        Petals
        
        All petals together called corolla
        
        Leaflike- with pigments to attract pollinators
        
        absent in wind pollinated species
        
        Stamens, male (microsporophyll)
        
        Anther
        
        Microsporangium (4)
        
        Microgametophyte pollen grain
        
        Filament
        
        Collectively the androecium
        
        Carpels, female (megasporophyll)
        
        Style
        
        Ovary
        
        Ovule (megasporangium)
        
        Stigma
        
        collectively the gynoecium
    - - Floral symmetry
      - Actinomorphic
      - Radially symmetric
      - eg sunflower
      - Zygomorphic
      - Irregular
      - Bilateral
      - eg pea
  - - - Male = androecious
      - Female = gynoecious
  - - - Biotic
      - Melittophily (bee)
      - Psychophily (butterfly)
      - Phalenophily (moth)
      - Myophily, sapromyophily (fly)
      - Ornithophily (bird)
      - Chiropterophily (bat)
      - Cantharophily (beetle)
- - - - One sperm fuses with egg, becomes embryo
      - Other fuses w polar nuclei
        
        triploid tissue, endosperm-nutritive (think grains)
    - - Lots of endosperm
      - One cotyledon
      - Integument becomes seed coat
    - - 2 cotyledons
      - cotyledons absorb endosperm
  - - - 1 integument
- - - - adapt to dry, blown by wind, some even have air bladders
        
        2 degenerate, two successful
        
        Tube cell contains tube nucleus and generative cell-->2 sperm cells
    - - begin as flagellated, have to swim
        
        land in pollen chamber, form tubes called haustoria, feed on nucellus
        
        long time between pollination and fertilization
        
        generative cell makes 2 sperm cells, only one fertilizes the egg
        
        pollen tube eventually delivers sperm to egg, thought to be directed by synergid cells (2) of megagametophyte
        
        Endosporic male gametophyte = pollen grain
        Endospory in plants is the retention and development of gametophytes, partially or entirely, within the walls of the generative spore