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VERB AND ITS CATEGORIES - Coggle Diagram
VERB AND ITS CATEGORIES
Category of Perfect
Perfect / non-perfect verb-forms
the opposition as aspective
(O. Jespersen, I.P. Ivanova, G.N. Vorontsova
the opposition of tense forms
(H. Sweet, G.O. Curme, A. Korsakov).
a special, self-sufficient category, “the category of time correlation”
(Smirnitsky and vast majority of linguists)
Category of Aspect
the opposition of continuous and non-continuous forms
continuous forms (the categorial meaning is defined as the meaning of duration
)
non-cont. forms(the interpretation of the categorial semantics causes controversy)
having a vague content (G.N. Vorontsova)
stressing the fact of the performance of the action (widely accepted) (A.I. Smirnitsky)
having no aspective meaning (I.P. Ivanova)
Category of Tense
expresses time distinctions
Past
Future(Martin Endley denied its existence)
Present
Category of Number
expressed only in the present tense forms and only together with person distinctions
plural
singular
Category of Person
realized only in the singular form of the verb in the present and future tense
Category of Mood
expresses the distinction between the real and unreal
indicative
imperative
Proff. Smirnitsky believes there are 6 of them:
indicative, imperative, subjunctive I, subjunctive II ( conditional and suppositional )
subjunctive
(Proff. Barhundarov does not consider it’s as a mood at all)
Category of Voice
describes the relationship between the action (or state) that the verb expresses
active
passive
middle voice (Proff Barkhudarov)
reflexive(Ovchinnikova)
reciprocal(by some scholars)