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Anxiety Disorders/Anxiolytics - Coggle Diagram
Anxiety Disorders/Anxiolytics
Pathological anxiety:
anxiety that occurs without sufficient reason and interferes with an individual's health.
Pathological anxiety is the
only
type of anxiety that needs to be treated
Chronic stress and anxiety can contribute to increased acid production and development of ulcers.
Individual appears to be nervous, frightened, and has feeling on impending doom. Individual enhanced his/her somatic symptoms into a serious medical condition.
When arousal is consistent and GABA is continuously fired is when a clinical state of anxiety is present
Medications for anxiety disorders
BENZODIAZEPINES
Treatment of generalized anxiety disorder- most rapid acting/effective agent.
Mechanism of action: Benzo. binds to receptors on GABA and stimulate them by increasing membrane permeability to chloride ions. Causes increased effect of GABA (inhibitory neurotransmitter)
Short acting: Lorazepam (Ativan); Alprazolam (Xanax)
Causes Xerostomia, alcohol and other CNS depressants should be avoided to prevent additional drowsiness and sedation.
Withdrawal symptoms can occur, when discontinuing the drug it should be reduced over time.
All drugs that have
serotonin reuptake inhibiting
properties are effective in treating GAD. EX: Buspirone (Buspar)
Propranolol (B-Blocker)
Does not act centrally in brain to relieve symptoms, but reduced the autonomic symptoms of anxiety (tachycardia that results from anxiety)
Clinical Anxiety is divided into components: Generalized anxiety Disorder (GAD); Panic disorder; Phobias; Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD); Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD); other anxiety disorders (alcohol-induced anxiety, substance-induced anxiety, separation anxiety)
To be diagnosed: anxiety must be present continuously for 6 months.
OCD: Presence of persistent thoughts and impulses that need to be carried out purposively.
Panic Disorder: unexpected, recurrect periods of intense fear that lasts several minutes
PTSD: occurs after exposure to a psychological distressing event where physical harm is anticipated
Symptoms of anxiety: chest pain, tachycardia, trembling, tremors, restlessness, abdominal pain, diarreah, fatigue, palpations, insomnia, irritability, headache, dizziness, shortness of breath, profuse sweating, apprehension, and nausea