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Anxiety Disorders: Sedative/Hypnotic Drugs - Coggle Diagram
Anxiety Disorders: Sedative/Hypnotic Drugs
Functions by:
Depressing activity of CNS - reduces anxiety, tension, & induces sleep
E.g. Barbiturates
used mainly as: hypnotics, anticonvulsants, relieve anxiety and provide sedation
passes the blood-brain barrier into the brain
-produces changes in CNS moods, ranging from excitation, to mild sedation to hypnosis
if used for insomnia it is short-term usage because chronic use can cause rebound insomnia
Pharmacology
Barbiturates are classified according to their lipid solubility and duration of action
Short- and intermediate-acting barbiturates are less lipid-soluble and their effects last longer, these are used for sleep induction
Suppress respiratory in usual doses
Enhances the binding of GABA to GABA receptors, increasing GABA activity, allowing chloride ions channels to open
Long-acting barbiturates are the least lipid-soluble and have a much longer duration of action, these are used as a sedative for a tranquilizing or anti-anxiety effect
Adverse Effects
drowsiness, headache, nausea, vomiting, impaired consciousness, excitement, CNS depression
Other Sedative/Hypnotic Medications
Zolpidem:
used in patients with problems with early morning awakening and short term treatment of insomnia
Chloral Hydrate:
a prodrug, metabolized in liver to its active, primarily used for sedation in children, unpleasant taste and low therapeutic index meaning high incidence of toxicity
Zaleplon:
used on short term basis in patients with difficulty falling asleep or morning grogginess
Drug Interactions of Dental Significance
Barbiturates induce P450 enzymes in the liver, which increases the metabolism of many drugs
E.g. Benzodiazepines
(diazepam or clorazepate)
used as sedatives/hypnotics and anticonvulsants
fever adverse effects