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2.4 Carbohydrates - Coggle Diagram
2.4 Carbohydrates
Cellulose
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Since -OH on 1st carbon of beta glucose is above ring, in order for it to line up with -OH group on 4th carbon, the other molecule must be rotated 180˚
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Due to every other molecule being upside-down, the chain formed is straight, rather than coiled like starch
When chains are parallel, -OH interact with -OH of other chains, forming hydrogen bonds
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Monosaccharides
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Triose - 3 carbons, pentose - 5 carbons, hexose - 6 carbons
Main 3 hexoses - glucose, fructose, galactose
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Disaccharides
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Glycosidic bond formed between two lined up hydroxyl groups, forms C-O-C link (oxygen 'bridge')
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3 most common - maltose (glucose + glucose), sucrose (glucose + fructose), lactose (glucose + galactose)
Polysaccharides
Polymers of many monosaccharides bonded together via condensation reactions forming glycosidic bonds
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Glycogen
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Insoluble, unreactive, compact
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Starch
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Insoluble, unreactive, compact
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