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QUESTION 1, SEAA4613-01, WONG RUI CHEE A19EA0190 - Coggle Diagram
QUESTION 1
DEFINITION
A process to manage and develop the water, land and other resources in a coordinated way. It is to reach the equilibrium between the optimization of economic returns and the social welfare as well as the sustainability of the environment.
OBJECTIVE
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Water excess management
Aimed to reduce damages to properties, public uneasiness and life
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CHALLENGE
Stormwater Management
Lack of detailed supporting regulations, guidelines and education programs to support MSMA implementation.
Implementation of MSMA through retro-fitting exercises – converting the rapid disposal facilities to eco-friendly stormwater facilities involves heavy financial investments.
Obstacles in promoting Urban Stormwater Design Management Guidelines (MSMA), especially in terms of land acquisition and maintenance of completed stormwater facilities.
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Sanitation Management
There is no Government agency directly responsible for regulating the pour flush latrine system in the rural areas.
Treated sludge is not allowed to be disposed in landfills and thus results in high cost for its disposal.
The public acceptance for the reuse of bio-solids and bio-effluent for non-food crop and non-potable use.
Water Supply Management
Constraints in the smooth implementation of water supply development works due to the fact that water resources management is the responsibility of the State.
Low level of consumer awareness on water conservation and efficient use of water. The domestic per capita water consumption remains high at 210 liter per capita as at 2013.
Poorly-determined water tariff rates for consumers, where the tariff is not at full-cost recovery, makes it difficult for the water operators to generate sufficient cash flow to fund its capital expenditure.
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